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Shloka 29

Aśmagīta: Janaka’s Inquiry on Loss, Kāla, and the Limits of Control (अश्मगीता)

जिनके पास कुछ नहीं है, ऐसे दरिद्र भी दीर्घजीवी देखे जाते हैं और धनवान्‌ कुलमें उत्पन्न हुए मनुष्य भी कीट-पतंगोंके समान नष्ट होते रहते हैं ।। प्रायेण श्रीमतां लोके भोक्तुं शक्तिर्न विद्यते । काष्ठान्यपि हि जीर्यन्ते दरिद्राणां च सर्वश:,जगतमें प्रायः धनवानोंको खाने और पचानेकी शक्ति ही नहीं रहती है और दरिद्रोंके पेटमें काठ भी पच जाते हैं

janaka uvāca | yeṣāṁ kiñcid api nāsti te 'pi daridrā dīrghajīvinaḥ dṛśyante, śrīmat-kule jātaś ca naro 'pi kīṭa-pataṅgavat praṇaśyati | prāyeṇa śrīmatāṁ loke bhoktuṁ śaktir na vidyate; kāṣṭhāny api hi jīryante daridrāṇāṁ ca sarvaśaḥ ||

జనకుడు పలికెను—ఏమియు లేనివారైన దరిద్రులుకూడా దీర్ఘాయుష్కులుగా కనిపిస్తారు; ధనిక వంశంలో పుట్టిన మనుష్యులు మాత్రం కీటకపతంగాలవలె నశించిపోతుంటారు. ఈ లోకంలో సాధారణంగా ధనవంతులకు భోగించుటకును జీర్ణించుటకును శక్తి ఉండదు; దరిద్రుల కడుపులో అయితే కట్టెలు కూడ సర్వథా జీర్ణమవుతాయి.

प्रायेणgenerally, for the most part
प्रायेण:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्राय
FormAvyaya (indeclinable adverb)
श्रीमताम्of the wealthy
श्रीमताम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootश्रीमन्त्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
लोकेin the world
लोके:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
भोक्तुम्to eat, to enjoy
भोक्तुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootभुज्
FormInfinitive (tumun)
शक्तिःpower, capacity
शक्तिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशक्ति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
FormAvyaya (negation)
विद्यतेexists, is found
विद्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormPresent tense, 3rd person, Singular, Ātmanepada
काष्ठानिpieces of wood
काष्ठानि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकाष्ठ
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Plural
अपिeven, also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
FormAvyaya
हिindeed, for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
FormAvyaya
जीर्यन्तेare digested/decay
जीर्यन्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootजॄ
FormPresent tense, 3rd person, Plural, Ātmanepada
दरिद्राणाम्of the poor
दरिद्राणाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootदरिद्र
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
FormAvyaya (conjunction)
सर्वशःentirely, in every way
सर्वशः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसर्वशस्
FormAvyaya (adverb)

जनक उवाच

J
Janaka
T
the poor (daridrāḥ)
T
the wealthy (śrīmataḥ)
I
insects/moths (kīṭa-pataṅgāḥ)
W
wood (kāṣṭha)

Educational Q&A

External wealth is not a reliable measure of well-being or longevity. The verse highlights the irony that the rich may lack the capacity to enjoy what they have, while the poor often develop endurance; it encourages detachment from prosperity as a false guarantee of happiness.

King Janaka is speaking in a reflective, didactic context within Śānti Parva, using everyday observations about rich and poor to make a moral point about the limits of material prosperity and the unpredictability of life.