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Shloka 1

Adhyāya 270 — Yudhiṣṭhira’s inquiry on saṃnyāsa; Bhīṣma on calculable time, tamas, and karma

Vṛtra–Uśanā exemplum begins

ऑपन--माजल बछ। :ः॑ ि् एकसप्तत्याधिकद्विशततमो< ध्याय: धन और काम-भोगोंकी अपेक्षा धर्म और तपस्याका उत्कर्ष सूचित करनेवाली ब्राह्मण और कुण्डधार मेघकी कथा युधिछिर उवाच धर्ममर्थ च कामं॑ च वेदा: शंसन्ति भारत । कस्य लाभो विशिष्टो>त्र तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह,राजा युधिष्ठिरने पूछा--भरतनन्दन पितामह! वेद तो धर्म, अर्थ और काम--तीनोंकी ही प्रशंसा करते हैं; अतः आप मुझे यह बताइये कि इन तीनोंमेंसे किसकी प्राप्ति मेरे लिये सबसे बढ़कर है

Yudhiṣṭhira uvāca—dharmaṃ arthaṃ ca kāmaṃ ca vedāḥ śaṃsanti bhārata | kasya lābho viśiṣṭo ’tra tan me brūhi pitāmaha ||

యుధిష్ఠిరుడు అన్నాడు—ఓ భారతా! వేదాలు ధర్మం, అర్థం, కామం—మూడింటినీ ప్రశంసిస్తాయి. పితామహా, ఈ మూడింటిలో ఏ ప్రాప్తి అత్యుత్తమమో నాకు చెప్పండి.

युधिष्ठिरःYudhishthira
युधिष्ठिरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
धर्मम्dharma, righteousness
धर्मम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अर्थम्wealth, worldly success
अर्थम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअर्थ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
कामम्desire, pleasure
कामम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकाम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
वेदाःthe Vedas
वेदाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवेद
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
शंसन्तिpraise, commend
शंसन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootशंस्
FormPresent, 3, Plural, Parasmaipada
भारतO Bharata (descendant of Bharata)
भारत:
TypeNoun
Rootभारत
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
कस्यof which (of whom)
कस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
लाभःgain, attainment
लाभः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootलाभ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विशिष्टःsuperior, distinguished
विशिष्टः:
TypeAdjective
Rootविशिष्ट
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अत्रhere, in this matter
अत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअत्र
तत्that (answer/matter)
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
मेto me
मे:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormDative, Singular
ब्रूहिtell (me)
ब्रूहि:
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
FormImperative, 2, Singular, Parasmaipada
पितामहO grandsire
पितामह:
TypeNoun
Rootपितामह
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
B
Bhīṣma (Pitāmaha)
V
Vedas

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a classical ethical problem: since scripture acknowledges dharma (moral duty), artha (material well-being), and kāma (legitimate enjoyment), one must still discern their hierarchy. It sets up Bhīṣma’s guidance that true excellence lies in prioritizing dharma, with artha and kāma to be pursued only in ways consistent with dharma.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction section, Yudhiṣṭhira questions Bhīṣma about the relative value of the three human aims praised in the Vedas. This question introduces the ensuing discourse (and illustrative story) meant to show the superiority of dharma and tapas over mere wealth and pleasure.