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Shloka 5

धर्मलक्षण-प्रश्नः (Marks and Sources of Dharma) | Chapter 251: Inquiry into the Definition of Dharma

ताप: पाक: प्रकाशश्न ज्योतिश्नक्षुश्न॒ पजचमम्‌ । तस्य रूपं गुणं विद्यात्‌ ताम्रगौरासितात्मकम्‌

tāpaḥ pākaḥ prakāśaś ca jyotiś cakṣuś ca pañcamam | tasya rūpaṃ guṇaṃ vidyāt tāmra-gaurāsitātmakam ||

వ్యాసుడు చెప్పెను—తాపం, పాకం (వండడం/పరిపాకం), ప్రకాశం, జ్యోతి (దీప్తి) మరియు దృష్టిశక్తి—ఇవి అన్నీ తేజస్సు (అగ్నితత్త్వం) యొక్క కార్యాలు. దాని ప్రత్యక్ష రూప-గుణం తామ్రవర్ణం, గౌరవర్ణం (ఉజ్జ్వలం), అసితవర్ణం (శ్యామం) మొదలైన వర్ణాలుగా కనిపిస్తుందని గ్రహించాలి.

तापःheat
तापः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootताप
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पाकःcooking, ripening
पाकः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपाक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रकाशःlight, illumination
प्रकाशः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रकाश
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ज्योतिःradiance, flame
ज्योतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootज्योतिस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
चक्षुःeye; visual faculty
चक्षुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootचक्षुस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
पञ्चमम्the fifth
पञ्चमम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपञ्चम
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तस्यof that (of it)
तस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
रूपम्form, appearance
रूपम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरूप
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
गुणम्quality, attribute
गुणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगुण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
विद्यात्should know, should understand
विद्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
ताम्र-गौर-असित-आत्मकम्having the nature of coppery, fair, and dark (colors)
ताम्र-गौर-असित-आत्मकम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootआत्मक
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyasa
T
Tejas (fire principle)
A
Agni-tattva
C
Cakshus (faculty of sight)

Educational Q&A

Tejas (the fire principle) is known by its functions—heat, transformation/cooking, illumination, radiance, and enabling sight—and by its visible qualities such as coppery, bright, or dark coloration; thus one should infer subtle causes from observable effects.

In the Shanti Parva’s philosophical instruction, Vyasa is enumerating the characteristics of a fundamental element (tejas/agni), describing how it manifests in the world and in the senses, as part of a broader teaching on tattvas and discernment.