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Shloka 31

राजधर्मः—राष्ट्ररक्षणं, दण्डनीतिः, हयग्रीवोपाख्यानम्

Royal Duty: Protection, Penal Policy, and the Hayagrīva Exemplum

सुखं च दुःखं च भवाभवौ च लाभालाभौ मरणं जीवितं च । पर्यायत: सर्वमवाप्रुवन्ति तस्माद्‌ धीरो नैव हृष्येन्न शोचेत्‌,सुख-दुःख, उत्पत्ति-विनाश, लाभ-हानि और जीवन-मरण--ये समय-समयपर क्रमसे सबको प्राप्त होते हैं; इसलिये धीर पुरुष इनके लिये हर्ष और शोक न करे

sukhaṃ ca duḥkhaṃ ca bhavābhavau ca lābhālābhau maraṇaṃ jīvitaṃ ca | paryāyataḥ sarvam avāpruvanti tasmād dhīro naiva hṛṣyen na śocet ||

సుఖమూ దుఃఖమూ, జననమూ వినాశమూ, లాభమూ నష్టమూ, మరణమూ జీవనమూ—ఇవి అన్నీ కాలక్రమంలో ప్రతి ఒక్కరికీ వరుసగా కలుగుతాయి. అందుచేత ధీరుడు వాటి కోసం ఆనందంతో ఉప్పొంగకూడదు, శోకించకూడదు; స్థిరబుద్ధితో ఎదుర్కోవాలి.

सुखम्happiness
सुखम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसुख
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
दुःखम्sorrow
दुःखम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदुःख
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
भवcoming into being; existence
भव:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभव
FormMasculine, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
अभवौnon-being; cessation (as the counterpart in the pair)
अभवौ:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअभव
FormMasculine, Nominative/Accusative, Dual
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
लाभgain
लाभ:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootलाभ
FormMasculine, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
अलाभौnon-gain; loss (as the counterpart in the pair)
अलाभौ:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअलाभ
FormMasculine, Nominative/Accusative, Dual
मरणम्death
मरणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमरण
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
जीवितम्life
जीवितम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootजीवित
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
पर्यायतःin turn; successively
पर्यायतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपर्याय
सर्वम्all (these)
सर्वम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अवाप्नुवन्तिthey obtain; they come to (them)
अवाप्नुवन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअव + आप्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
तस्मात्therefore; from that (reason)
तस्मात्:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Ablative, Singular
धीरःthe steadfast/wise man
धीरः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootधीर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed; at all
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
हृष्येत्should rejoice
हृष्येत्:
TypeVerb
Rootहृष्
FormOptative, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
nor; not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
शोचेत्should grieve
शोचेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootशुच्
FormOptative, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa

Educational Q&A

All opposites—pleasure and pain, gain and loss, life and death—arrive by turns as part of the world’s changing order. The ethical counsel is steadiness: cultivate a dhīra disposition that does not swing into elation or despair, so one can act according to dharma without being ruled by transient outcomes.

Vyāsa is instructing in the Śānti Parva’s consolatory and didactic setting, emphasizing philosophical calm after catastrophe. The verse functions as guidance for those facing upheaval, urging composure amid alternating fortunes.