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Shloka 20

भिक्षुलक्षणम्—एकचर्याः, अहिंसा, कैवल्याश्रमः

Marks of the Mendicant: Solitary Wandering, Non-Injury, and the Kaivalya-Discipline

प्रवक्तृणि द्वयान्याहुरात्मज्ञानीतराणि च । आत्मज्ञानि विशिष्टानि जन्माजन्मोपधारणात्‌,प्रवक्ता भी दो प्रकारके कहे गये हैं--आत्मज्ञ और अनात्मज्ञ। इनमें आत्मज्ञ पुरुष ही श्रेष्ठ हैं; क्योंकि वे जन्म और मृत्युके तत्त्वको समझते हैं

pravaktṝṇi dvayāny āhur ātmajñānītarāṇi ca | ātmajñāni viśiṣṭāni janmājanmopadhāraṇāt ||

వ్యాసుడు పలికెను—ప్రవక్తలూ రెండు విధములు: ఆత్మజ్ఞులు మరియు అనాత్మజ్ఞులు. వారిలో ఆత్మజ్ఞులే శ్రేష్ఠులు; ఎందుకంటే వారు జన్మ-మరణముల తత్త్వాన్ని, పునర్జన్మ పరంపరను గ్రహిస్తారు.

प्रवक्तॄणिspeakers/expounders
प्रवक्तॄणि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रवक्तृ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
द्वयानिtwo kinds (pairs)
द्वयानि:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootद्वय
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
आहुःthey say/declare
आहुः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअह्
FormPerfect (Paroksha), Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
आत्मज्ञknowers of the Self
आत्मज्ञ:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मज्ञ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
इतराणिthe others
इतराणि:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootइतर
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
आत्मज्ञानिself-knowing (ones)
आत्मज्ञानि:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootआत्मज्ञानिन्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
विशिष्टानिsuperior/distinguished
विशिष्टानि:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootविशिष्ट
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
जन्मbirth
जन्म:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootजन्मन्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अजन्मnon-birth (i.e., death/cessation of birth)
अजन्म:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअजन्मन्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
उपधारणात्from understanding/retaining (the doctrine)
उपधारणात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootउपधारण
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa

Educational Q&A

True authority in teaching is grounded in ātma-jñāna (knowledge of the Self). Such a teacher is ‘superior’ because they understand the deeper law behind birth, rebirth, and death, and can therefore guide others toward liberation-oriented insight rather than merely worldly instruction.

In the didactic setting of the Śānti Parva, Vyāsa classifies instructors into two categories—Self-knowers and non-Self-knowers—and establishes a hierarchy of spiritual competence, emphasizing that insight into the cycle of birth (and its transcendence) is the mark of the highest teacher.