Shloka 2

शुक उवाच कि तज्ज्ञानमथो विद्या यथा निस्तरते द्वयम्‌ प्रवृत्तिलक्षणो धर्मो निवृत्तिरेति वा वद,शुकदेवजीने पूछा--पिताजी! जिसके द्वारा मनुष्य जन्म और मृत्यु दोनोंके बन्धनसे छुटकारा पा जाता है, वह ज्ञान अथवा विद्या क्‍या है? वह प्रवृत्तिरूप धर्म है या निवृत्तिरूप? यह मुझे बताइये

śuka uvāca: ki taj jñānam atho vidyā yathā nistarate dvayam? pravṛtti-lakṣaṇo dharmo nivṛttir eti vā vada.

శుకుడు అన్నాడు—తండ్రీ! ఏ జ్ఞానం లేదా విద్య వలన మనిషి జన్మ–మరణ అనే ద్వంద్వ బంధనాన్ని దాటి పోతాడు? చెప్పండి—అది ప్రవృత్తిలక్షణ ధర్మమా, లేక నివృత్తి మార్గమా?

शुकःŚuka
शुकः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशुक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
किम्what?
किम्:
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तत्that
तत्:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
ज्ञानम्knowledge
ज्ञानम्:
TypeNoun
Rootज्ञान
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अथor/then
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
विद्याlearning, true knowledge
विद्या:
TypeNoun
Rootविद्या
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
यथाhow; in what way
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
निस्तरतेcrosses over, gets free from
निस्तरते:
TypeVerb
Rootनिस्तॄ
FormPresent, 3, Singular, Atmanepada
द्वयम्the pair (twofold bondage)
द्वयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootद्वय
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
प्रवृत्ति-लक्षणःhaving the mark of engagement (pravṛtti)
प्रवृत्ति-लक्षणः:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रवृत्ति-लक्षण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धर्मःdharma; duty/path
धर्मः:
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
निवृत्तिःwithdrawal; renunciation
निवृत्तिः:
TypeNoun
Rootनिवृत्ति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
वदtell (me)
वद:
TypeVerb
Rootवद्
FormImperative, 2, Singular, Parasmaipada

शुक उवाच

Ś
Śuka (Śukadeva)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a central inquiry of Indian ethics and soteriology: which kind of wisdom truly liberates from saṃsāra (the cycle marked by birth and death)—the dharma of active engagement (pravṛtti) or the dharma of renunciation (nivṛtti). It sets up a discussion on the relative roles of action, duty, and withdrawal in attaining liberation.

Śuka, in dialogue with his father (traditionally Vyāsa), asks for clarification about the liberating knowledge. He requests a decisive explanation of whether the path to transcend birth and death is primarily through worldly duty and action-oriented dharma or through renunciant withdrawal.