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Shloka 28

योग–सांख्यसमन्वयः, रथोपमा, व्यक्त–अव्यक्तविवेकः

Yoga–Sāṃkhya Synthesis, Chariot Allegory, and the Vyakta–Avyakta Distinction

शक्र उवाच कथंवृत्तेषु दैत्येषु त्वमवात्सीर्वरानने । दृष्टत्वा च किमिहागास्त्वं हित्वा दैतेयदानवान्‌,इन्द्रने कहा--सुमुखि! दैत्योंका आचरण पहले कैसा था? जिससे तुम उनके पास रहती थी और अब क्‍या देखा है, जो उन दैत्यों और दानवोंको छोड़कर यहाँ चली आयी हो?

śakra uvāca kathaṁvṛtteṣu daityeṣu tvam avātsīr varānane | dṛṣṭvā ca kim ihāgās tvaṁ hitvā daiteya-dānavān ||

శక్రుడు అన్నాడు—“సుముఖీ! పూర్వకాలంలో దైత్యుల ప్రవర్తన ఎలా ఉండేది, నీవు వారి మధ్య నివసించేదానివి? ఇప్పుడు నీవు ఏమి చూసి ఆ దైత్య-దానవులను విడిచి ఇక్కడికి వచ్చితివి?”

शक्रःŚakra (Indra)
शक्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशक्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular
कथम्how
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्
वृत्तेषुin (their) conduct/behavior
वृत्तेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवृत्त
FormNeuter, Locative, Plural
दैत्येषुamong the Daityas
दैत्येषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootदैत्य
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormNominative, Singular
अवात्सीःdid you dwell/live
अवात्सीः:
TypeVerb
Rootवस्
FormImperfect, 2nd, Singular
वराननेO fair-faced one
वरानने:
TypeNoun
Rootवरानना
FormFeminine, Vocative, Singular
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive)
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
किम्what
किम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
इहhere
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
आगाःhave you come
आगाः:
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
FormPerfect, 2nd, Singular
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormNominative, Singular
हित्वाhaving abandoned
हित्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootहा
Formक्त्वा (absolutive)
दैतेयदानवान्the Daiteyas and Dānavas
दैतेयदानवान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदैतेय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural

शक्र उवाच

Ś
Śakra (Indra)
D
Daityas
D
Daiteyas
D
Dānavas
V
Varānanā (unnamed woman addressed as 'fair-faced')

Educational Q&A

The verse frames an ethical inquiry: association should be based on observed conduct (ācāra). When a community’s behavior declines, a discerning person may rightly withdraw; moral perception and choice of company are treated as significant.

Indra (Śakra) questions a woman who has left the Daityas/Dānavas and come to him. He asks what their earlier behavior was that made her stay with them, and what change or sight prompted her to abandon them and arrive here.