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Shloka 20

कालनिर्णयः, युगधर्मवर्णनम्, सृष्टिक्रमश्च

Time-Reckoning, Yuga-Dharma, and the Sequence of Creation

दग्धमेवानुदहति हतमेवानुहन्यते । नश्यते नष्टमेवाग्रे लब्धव्यं लभते नर:,जो कालके द्वारा दग्ध हो चुका है, उसीको पीछेसे आग जलाती है। जिसे कालने पहलेसे ही मार डाला है, वही किसी दूसरेके द्वारा मारा जाता है। जो पहलेसे ही नष्ट हो चुकी है, वही वस्तु किसीके द्वारा नष्ट की जाती है तथा जिसका मिलना पहलेसे ही निश्चित है, उसीको मनुष्य हस्तगत करता है

śakra uvāca | dagdham evānudahati hatam evānuhanyate | naśyate naṣṭam evāgre labdhavyaṃ labhate naraḥ ||

కాలముచేత ముందే దగ్ధమైనదే మళ్లీ దగ్ధమవుతున్నట్లు కనిపిస్తుంది; ముందే హతమైనదే మరల హతమవుతుంది. ముందే నశించినదే నశిస్తున్నట్లు తోచుతుంది; పొందవలసినదిగా విధించబడినదే మనుష్యుడు పొందుతాడు.

दग्धम्burnt (thing)
दग्धम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootदग्ध (√दह्)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
एवindeed/only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
अनुदहतिburns again/afterwards
अनुदहति:
TypeVerb
Rootअनु-√दह्
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
हतम्killed (one/thing)
हतम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootहत (√हन्)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
एवindeed/only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
अनुहन्यतेis (again) slain afterwards
अनुहन्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootअनु-√हन्
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada (Passive)
नश्यतेperishes/is destroyed
नश्यते:
TypeVerb
Root√नश्
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada
नष्टम्already destroyed (thing)
नष्टम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootनष्ट (√नश्)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
एवindeed/only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
अग्रेbefore/previously
अग्रे:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअग्र
लब्धव्यम्to be obtained/obtainable (destined gain)
लब्धव्यम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootलब्धव्य (√लभ्)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
लभतेobtains
लभते:
TypeVerb
Root√लभ्
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada
नरःa man
नरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

श॒क्र उवाच

Ś
Śakra (Indra)
N
nara (human being)

Educational Q&A

The verse emphasizes the inevitability of outcomes governed by Kāla (Time) and destiny: events that occur appear to be caused by immediate agents, but in a deeper sense they unfold because they were already determined. This encourages humility, steadiness, and reduced attachment to success or failure.

Śakra (Indra) speaks in a reflective, instructive tone, using parallel examples—burning, killing, destroying, obtaining—to convey that what happens to beings and things follows an already-established course, and human actions often serve as instruments in that larger order.