Shloka 15

कालनिर्णयः, युगधर्मवर्णनम्, सृष्टिक्रमश्च

Time-Reckoning, Yuga-Dharma, and the Sequence of Creation

Devanagari script

हत्वा जित्वा च मघवन्‌ यः कश्ित्‌ पुरुषायते । अकर्ता होव भवति कर्ता होव करोति तत्‌

Transliteration

hatvā jitvā ca maghavan yaḥ kaścit puruṣāyate | akartā hova bhavati kartā hova karoti tat, maghavan ||

Translation

శక్రుడు పలికెను—ఓ మఘవన్! ఎవడు చంపి గెలిచి తన పౌరుషంపై గర్వించునో, వాడు నిజముగా ఆ కర్మకు కర్త కాడు; లోకకర్తయైన పరమేశ్వరుడే ఆ కర్మకూ కర్త—ఆయనే దానిని సిద్ధింపజేయును।

Word by Word

• हत्वा: having killed
• Type: Verb
• Root: हन् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त अव्यय (absolutive/gerund)

• जित्वा: having conquered
• Type: Verb
• Root: जि (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त अव्यय (absolutive/gerund)

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• मघवन्: O Maghavan (Indra)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मघवन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• यः: who
• यः: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• कश्चित्: someone, any person
• कश्चित्: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: क (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• पुरुषायते: acts the hero / prides himself on manliness
• Type: Verb
• Root: पुरुषाय (धातु; नामधातु from पुरुष)
• Form: Lat (Present), Ātmanepada, Third, Singular

• अकर्ता: a non-doer
• अकर्ता: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अकर्ता (प्रातिपदिक; a- + कर्तृ)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• ह: indeed (emphatic particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ह

• एव: only, certainly
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• भवति: becomes / is
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू (धातु)
• Form: Lat (Present), Parasmaipada, Third, Singular

• कर्ता: the doer
• कर्ता: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: कर्तृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• ह: indeed (emphatic particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ह

• एव: only, certainly
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• करोति: does, performs
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु)
• Form: Lat (Present), Parasmaipada, Third, Singular

• तत्: that (deed)
• तत्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• मघवन्: O Maghavan (Indra)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मघवन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

Speaker

श॒क्र उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Śakra (Indra)
• Maghavan (Indra)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse critiques egoistic doership: taking pride in killing or victory as ‘my prowess’ is a delusion. True agency belongs to the supreme ordainer; therefore one should act without arrogance, recognizing a higher causality behind outcomes.

What is happening in the narrative?

Śakra (Indra), addressed as Maghavan, delivers an ethical reflection: even in contexts of battle or conquest, a person who boasts of personal heroism is not the real author of success; the ultimate doer is the Lord who governs the world.