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Shloka 1

Adhyāya 222 — ब्रह्मस्थानप्राप्ति: मोक्षधर्मे समत्वव्रतम्

Attaining the Brahman-Station: The Vow of Equanimity in Mokṣadharma

युधिष्ठिरने पूछा--भारत! इस लोकमें जो यह शुभ अथवा अशुभ कर्म होता है, वह पुरुषको उसके सुख-दुःखरूप फल भोगनेमें लगा ही देता है; परंतु पुरुष उस कर्मका कर्ता है या नहीं, इस विषयमें मुझे संदेह है; अतः पितामह! मैं आपके द्वारा इसका तत्त्वयुक्त समाधान सुनना चाहता हूँ

Yudhiṣṭhira uvāca—Bhārata! iha loke yaḥ śubho vā aśubho vā karma bhavati, sa puruṣaṃ sukha-duḥkha-rūpaṃ phalaṃ bhoktavye niyunakti eva; kintu puruṣaḥ tasya karmaṇaḥ kartā vā na vā—atra me saṃśayaḥ. ataḥ pitāmaha! tvattaḥ asya tattvayuktaṃ samādhānaṃ śrotum icchāmi.

యుధిష్ఠిరుడు పలికెను— ఓ భారతా! ఈ లోకంలో జరిగే శుభమో అశుభమో అయిన కర్మ, మనిషిని దాని సుఖదుఃఖరూప ఫలాన్ని అనుభవించుటకు తప్పక బంధిస్తుంది. అయితే ఆ కర్మకు నిజమైన కర్త పురుషుడేనా కాదా అనే విషయంలో నాకు సందేహం ఉంది. కావున, పితామహా! దీనికి తత్త్వసమ్మతమైన పరిష్కారాన్ని మీ నుండి వినదలచితిని।

युधिष्ठिरेणby Yudhishthira
युधिष्ठिरेण:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
पृष्टःasked (having been asked)
पृष्टः:
TypeVerb
Rootप्रच्छ्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
भारतO Bharata
भारत:
TypeNoun
Rootभारत
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
अस्मिन्in this
अस्मिन्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
लोकेworld
लोके:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
यत्which/that
यत्:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
इदम्this
इदम्:
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
शुभम्auspicious/good
शुभम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootशुभ
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
अथवाor
अथवा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथवा
अशुभम्inauspicious/bad
अशुभम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअशुभ
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
कर्मaction/deed
कर्म:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
भवतिhappens/is
भवति:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
तत्that
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
पुरुषम्a person
पुरुषम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तस्यof him/of that
तस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
सुखदुःखरूपम्in the form of pleasure and pain
सुखदुःखरूपम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootसुख-दुःख-रूप
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
फलम्result/fruit
फलम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootफल
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
भोक्तुम्to experience/enjoy
भोक्तुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootभुज्
Formतुमुन् (infinitive)
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
नियुङ्क्तेimpels/engages
नियुङ्क्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootयुज् (नि-युज्)
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada
परन्तुbut/however
परन्तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपरन्तु
पुरुषःthe person
पुरुषः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तस्यof it/of that
तस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter/Masculine, Genitive, Singular
कर्मणःof the action
कर्मणः:
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
कर्ताdoer/agent
कर्ता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकृत्
Formतृच् (agent noun), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
अस्तिis
अस्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
अस्मिन्in this (matter)
अस्मिन्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
विषयेtopic/matter
विषये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootविषय
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
ममmy
मम:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular, 1st
संशयःdoubt
संशयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसंशय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अतःtherefore
अतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअतः
पितामहO grandsire
पितामह:
TypeNoun
Rootपितामह
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
अहम्I
अहम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormNominative, Singular, 1st
त्वत्तःfrom you
त्वत्तः:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootत्वद्
FormAblative, Singular, 2nd
अस्यof this
अस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormNeuter/Masculine, Genitive, Singular
तत्त्वयुक्तम्connected with truth; well-reasoned
तत्त्वयुक्तम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootतत्त्व-युक्त
Formक्त (past passive participle used adjectivally), Neuter, Accusative, Singular
समाधानम्resolution/solution
समाधानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसमाधान
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
श्रोतुम्to hear
श्रोतुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु
Formतुमुन् (infinitive)
इच्छामिI wish/desire
इच्छामि:
TypeVerb
Rootइष्
FormPresent (Lat), 1st, Singular, Parasmaipada

युधिष्ठिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
B
Bhārata
P
Pitāmaha (Bhīṣma)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a central ethical-philosophical problem: actions yield inevitable results (pleasure/pain), yet the status of the individual as the true agent (kartā) is questioned. It sets up Bhīṣma’s forthcoming explanation on how karma’s fruits operate alongside notions of self, causation, and responsibility.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction setting, Yudhiṣṭhira approaches the elder Bhīṣma (addressed as Pitāmaha) with a doubt about whether a person is genuinely the doer of deeds whose fruits he must experience, and requests a definitive, principled clarification.