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Shloka 12

बलीन्द्रसंवादः — Kāla, Anityatā, and the Limits of Agency

Mahābhārata 12.217

उष्णीषवान्‌ यथा वस्त्रैस्त्रिभिर्भवति संवृतः । संवृतो5यं तथा देही सत्त्वराजसतामसै:,जैसे पगड़ी बाँधनेवाला पुरुष तीन वस्त्रों (पगड़ी, ऊर्ध्ववस्त्र, अधोवस्त्र) से परिवेष्टित होता है, उसी प्रकार यह देहाभिमानी जीव सत्त्व, रज और तम--तीन गुणोंसे आवृत होता है

uṣṇīṣavān yathā vastrais tribhir bhavati saṃvṛtaḥ | saṃvṛto ’yaṃ tathā dehī sattva-rajas-tāmasaiḥ ||

పగడి ధరించిన మనిషి మూడు వస్త్రాలతో కప్పబడి ఉండినట్లే, ఈ దేహాభిమాన జీవుడు సత్త్వ, రజస్, తమస్ అనే మూడు గుణాలతో ఆవరించబడి ఉంటాడు.

उष्णीषवान्one wearing a turban
उष्णीषवान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootउष्णीषवत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यथाas, just as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
वस्त्रैःwith garments/cloths
वस्त्रैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootवस्त्र
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
त्रिभिःwith three
त्रिभिः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रि
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
भवतिbecomes/is
भवति:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
संवृतःcovered, enveloped
संवृतः:
TypeAdjective
Rootसम्-√वृ (वृञ् आवरणे) / संवृत (क्त)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
संवृतःcovered, enveloped
संवृतः:
TypeAdjective
Rootसम्-√वृ (वृञ् आवरणे) / संवृत (क्त)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अयम्this
अयम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तथाso, in the same way
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
देहीthe embodied one (jiva)
देही:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदेहिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सत्त्व-रजस्-तमसैःby sattva, rajas, and tamas (the three guṇas)
सत्त्व-रजस्-तमसैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootसत्त्व + रजस् + तमस्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
U
uṣṇīṣa (turban)
V
vastra (garments)
D
dehī (embodied self)
S
sattva
R
rajas
T
tamas

Educational Q&A

The embodied self is not pure freedom in practice; it is conditioned and ‘covered’ by the three guṇas—sattva, rajas, and tamas. Ethical and spiritual progress involves recognizing this conditioning and cultivating clarity (sattva) while reducing agitation (rajas) and delusion (tamas), ultimately aiming to transcend all three.

In Śānti Parva, Bhīṣma instructs Yudhiṣṭhira on dharma and inner discipline. Here he uses a simple clothing analogy—three garments around a turbaned man—to explain how the living being, identified with the body, is wrapped by the three guṇas.