Shloka 2

धर्मे चार्थे च कामे च लोकवृत्ति: समाहिता । तेषां गरीयान्‌ कतमो मध्यम: को लघुश्न कः,“'लोगोंकी प्रवृत्ति प्राय: धर्म, अर्थ और कामकी ओर होती है। इन तीनोंमें कौन सबसे श्रेष्ठ कौन मध्यम और कौन लघु है?”

dharme cārthe ca kāme ca lokavṛttiḥ samāhitā | teṣāṃ garīyān katamo madhyamaḥ ko laghuś ca kaḥ ||

ధర్మం, అర్థం, కామం—ఈ మూడింటి వైపే సాధారణంగా లోకప్రవృత్తి నిలుస్తుంది. ఈ మూడింటిలో ఏది శ్రేష్ఠం, ఏది మధ్యమం, ఏది లఘువు?

धर्मेin dharma / regarding dharma
धर्मे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अर्थेin artha / regarding wealth
अर्थे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअर्थ
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
कामेin kāma / regarding desire
कामे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकाम
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
लोकवृत्तिःpeople's tendency / common conduct
लोकवृत्तिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootलोकवृत्ति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
समाहिताis directed/placed (towards); concentrated
समाहिता:
TypeAdjective
Rootसम्-आ-धा (समाहित)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
तेषाम्of those (three)
तेषाम्:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
गरीयान्greater / superior
गरीयान्:
TypeAdjective
Rootगुरु (गरियस्-)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कतमःwhich (one) among them?
कतमः:
TypePronoun
Rootकतम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मध्यमःmiddle / intermediate
मध्यमः:
TypeAdjective
Rootमध्यम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कःwhich (one)?
कः:
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
लघुःlight / lesser
लघुः:
TypeAdjective
Rootलघु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
कःwhich (one)?
कः:
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana

Educational Q&A

The verse frames an ethical inquiry into the hierarchy of the three human aims—dharma, artha, and kāma—inviting a principled evaluation of what should govern human life when these aims compete.

Vaiśampāyana introduces a reflective question typical of the Śānti Parva’s instruction: since people pursue dharma, wealth, and pleasure, the discussion now turns to determining their relative importance—what should be regarded as highest, middling, and lowest.