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Shloka 4

त्रिवर्गविचारः

Tri-varga Deliberation: Dharma, Artha, Kāma

भारत! धर्मका यह मार्ग बहुत बड़ा है। इससे बहुत सी शाखाएँ निकली हुई हैं। इन धर्मोमेंसे कौनसा धर्म सर्वोत्तम, अवश्य पालन करनेयोग्य माना गया है? ।। धर्मस्य महतो राजन्‌ बहुशाखस्य तत्त्वतः । यन्मूलं परमं तात तत्‌ सर्व ब्रूहूशेषत:,राजन! बहुत-सी शाखाओंसे युक्त इस महान्‌ धर्मका वास्तवमें परम मूल क्या है? तात! ये सब बातें मुझे पूर्णरूपसे बताइये

dharmasya mahato rājan bahuśākhasya tattvataḥ | yanmūlaṃ paramaṃ tāta tat sarvaṃ brūhi aśeṣataḥ ||

యుధిష్ఠిరుడు పలికెను—ఓ రాజా! అనేక శాఖలతో విస్తరించిన ఈ మహాధర్మమునకు తత్త్వతః పరమ మూలము ఏది? తాత! ఏదియు మిగల్చక సమస్తమును నాకు వివరించుము.

धर्मस्यof dharma
धर्मस्य:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
महतःof the great
महतः:
Visheshana
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
राजन्O king
राजन्:
Sambodhana
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
बहुmany
बहु:
Visheshana
TypeAdjective
Rootबहु
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative (indeclinable-like in compounds), Singular
शाखस्यof (having) branches
शाखस्य:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootशाखा
FormFeminine, Genitive, Singular
तत्त्वतःin truth; essentially
तत्त्वतः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्त्वतः
Formtrue
यत्which (that)
यत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
मूलम्root; foundation
मूलम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमूल
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
परम्supreme; highest
परम्:
Visheshana
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तातO dear one / O father
तात:
Sambodhana
TypeNoun
Rootतात
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
तत्that
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
सर्वम्all (of it)
सर्वम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
ब्रूहिtell; speak
ब्रूहि:
Kriya
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू (ब्रवीति)
FormImperative, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
अशेषतःcompletely; without remainder
अशेषतः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअशेषतः
Formtrue

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
R
rājan (the king being addressed)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames dharma as a vast, many-branched system and seeks its single highest root—implying that ethical life has diverse applications but rests on an underlying supreme principle that must be identified to guide right action.

In the Śānti Parva’s instructional setting, Yudhiṣṭhira respectfully questions the elder authority he addresses as ‘O king,’ asking for a complete explanation of dharma’s ultimate foundation amid its many branches.