Shloka 39

न संवत्सरसत्राणि तिष्ठेयुरकुतो भया: । विधिवद्‌ दक्षिणावन्ति यदि दण्डो न पालयेत्‌,यदि दण्ड धर्मका पालन न करावे तो विधि-पूर्वक दक्षिणाओंसे युक्त संवत्सरयज्ञ भी बेखटके न होने पावे

na saṁvatsarasatrāṇi tiṣṭheyuḥ akuto-bhayāḥ | vidhivad dakṣiṇāvanti yadi daṇḍo na pālayet ||

దండం ధర్మపాలనను నిలుపకపోతే, భయరహితంగా, అడ్డంకుల్లేకుండా సంవత్సరసత్రయజ్ఞాలు సాగవు; విధివిధానంగా దక్షిణలతో కూడి అవి సమాప్తమూ కావు.

not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
संवत्सर-सत्राणिyear-long sacrificial sessions
संवत्सर-सत्राणि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसंवत्सर-सत्र
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
तिष्ठेयुःwould stand / would continue
तिष्ठेयुः:
TypeVerb
Rootस्था (तिष्ठति)
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
अकुतो-भयाःfree from fear from any quarter
अकुतो-भयाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootअकुतो-भय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
विधिवत्according to rule
विधिवत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootविधिवत्
दक्षिणा-वन्तिendowed with priestly gifts (dakṣiṇā)
दक्षिणा-वन्ति:
TypeAdjective
Rootदक्षिणावत्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
यदिif
यदि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि
दण्डःpunishment / royal authority
दण्डः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
पालयेत्should protect / should enforce
पालयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootपाल् (पालयति)
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

अजुन उवाच

A
Arjuna
D
daṇḍa (punitive authority)
S
saṁvatsara-satra (year-long sacrifice)
D
dakṣiṇā (ritual gifts/fees)

Educational Q&A

That dharma in society—including the safe performance of sacred rites—depends on the rightful upholding of daṇḍa (lawful punishment/enforcement). Without enforcement, even religious institutions become insecure and cannot function properly.

Arjuna is arguing that governance and the maintenance of order are necessary supports for dharma. He points to the example of long Vedic sacrificial sessions: they can proceed fearlessly and with proper ritual gifts only when daṇḍa is upheld.