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Shloka 13

Daṇḍa as the Foundation of Social Order (दण्डप्रतिष्ठा)

नाभीतो यजते राजन्‌ नाभीतो दातुमिच्छति । नाभीत: पुरुष: कश्चित्‌ समये स्थातुमिच्छति,राजन! बिना भयके कोई यज्ञ नहीं करता है, बिना भयके कोई दान नहीं करना चाहता है, और दण्डका भय न हो तो कोई पुरुष मर्यादा या प्रतिज्ञाके पालनपर भी स्थिर नहीं रहना चाहता है

nābhīto yajate rājan nābhīto dātum icchati | nābhītaḥ puruṣaḥ kaścit samaye sthātum icchati rājan ||

రాజా! భయం లేకపోతే ఎవడూ యజ్ఞం చేయడు; భయం లేకపోతే ఎవడూ దానం చేయదలచడు; దండభయం లేకుంటే ఏ పురుషుడూ సమయానికి మర్యాద, ధర్మకర్తవ్యము లేదా ప్రతిజ్ఞాపాలనలో స్థిరంగా నిలవదలచడు।

not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अभीतःone who is not afraid / fearless
अभीतः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअभीत (भी + क्त)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यजतेperforms sacrifice
यजते:
TypeVerb
Rootयज्
FormPresent (Lat), Atmanepada, Third, Singular
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अभीतःone who is not afraid / fearless
अभीतः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअभीत (भी + क्त)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दातुम्to give
दातुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootदा
FormInfinitive (Tumun)
इच्छतिdesires
इच्छति:
TypeVerb
Rootइष्
FormPresent (Lat), Parasmaipada, Third, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अभीतःone who is not afraid / fearless
अभीतः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअभीत (भी + क्त)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पुरुषःa man/person
पुरुषः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कश्चित्anyone / someone
कश्चित्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootक (कश्) + चित्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
समयेin/at the agreement; at the proper time/occasion
समये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसमय
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
स्थातुम्to stand; to remain; to abide
स्थातुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootस्था
FormInfinitive (Tumun)
इच्छतिdesires
इच्छति:
TypeVerb
Rootइष्
FormPresent (Lat), Parasmaipada, Third, Singular
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

अजुन उवाच

A
Arjuna
K
King (addressed as rājan)

Educational Q&A

The verse argues that social and religious duties often depend on the restraining force of fear—especially fear of punishment (daṇḍa). It presents coercive authority as a practical support for dharma: without it, people tend to neglect sacrifice, charity, and adherence to agreed norms or vows.

Arjuna addresses a king and makes a political-ethical point within the Shanti Parva’s discussions on governance and dharma: he emphasizes the necessity of deterrence and enforcement to keep people aligned with duty and social order.