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Shloka 34

Daṇḍotpatti-kathana (Origin and Function of Daṇḍa) — वसुहोम–मान्धातृ संवाद

न स्याद्‌ यदीह दण्डो वै प्रमथेयु: परस्परम्‌ । भयाद्‌ दण्डस्य नान्योन्यं घ्नन्ति चैव युधिष्ठिर,युधिष्ठिर! यदि संसारमें दण्डकी व्यवस्था न होती तो सब लोग एक-दूसरेको नष्ट कर डालते। दण्डके ही भयसे मनुष्य आपसमें मार-काट नहीं मचाते हैं

na syād yadīha daṇḍo vai pramatheyur parasparam | bhayād daṇḍasya nānyonyaṃ ghnanti caiva yudhiṣṭhira ||

భీష్ముడు పలికెను—ఓ యుధిష్ఠిరా! ఈ లోకంలో దండవ్యవస్థ లేకపోతే ప్రజలు పరస్పరం ఒకరినొకరు హింసించి నాశనం చేసుకొనేవారు. దండభయమే మనుష్యులను పరస్పరం కొట్టుటకూ చంపుటకూ దూరంగా ఉంచుతుంది; అట్లే సామాజిక క్రమం నిలుస్తుంది.

not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
स्यात्would be
स्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस् (भू)
FormVidhi-linga, potential/optative, 3, singular, Parasmaipada
यदिif
यदि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि
इहhere, in this world
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
दण्डःpunishment, rod (of chastisement)
दण्डः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
प्रमथेयुःwould crush/destroy
प्रमथेयुः:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-मथ्
FormVidhi-linga, potential/optative, 3, plural, Parasmaipada
परस्परम्each other, mutually
परस्परम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपरस्पर
भयात्from fear
भयात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootभय
Formneuter, ablative, singular
दण्डस्यof punishment/rod
दण्डस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड
Formmasculine, genitive, singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अन्योन्यम्one another
अन्योन्यम्:
Karma
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअन्योन्य
घ्नन्तिthey kill/strike
घ्नन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootहन्
FormLat, present, 3, plural, Parasmaipada
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed, just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
युधिष्ठिरO Yudhishthira
युधिष्ठिर:
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
Formmasculine, vocative, singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
D
daṇḍa (punishment/royal authority)

Educational Q&A

Punishment (daṇḍa), as a principle of governance, restrains human aggression; fear of lawful consequences prevents mutual violence and thereby sustains social order and dharma.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on rājadharma, Bhīṣma teaches Yudhiṣṭhira that a functioning system of punishment is necessary; without it, people would prey upon one another, while its deterrent force keeps society from descending into chaos.