Shloka 11

राजन! पूर्वकालमें मनुने यह उपदेश दिया है कि जो राजा प्रिय और अप्रियके प्रति समान भाव रखकर--किसीके प्रति पक्षपात न करके दण्डका ठीक-ठीक उपयोग करते हुए प्रजाकी भलीभाँति रक्षा करता है, उसका वह कार्य केवल धर्म है

rājan! pūrvakāle manunā ayam upadeśaḥ dattaḥ—yaḥ rājā priya-apriyayoḥ samabhāvaṃ dhṛtvā, kasyāpi pakṣapātaṃ akṛtvā, daṇḍasya yathāvat prayogaṃ kurvan prajāḥ samyak rakṣati, tasya tat karma kevalaṃ dharmaḥ eva.

భీష్ముడు పలికెను—ఓ రాజా, ప్రాచీనకాలంలో మనువు ఇలా ఉపదేశించాడు: ప్రియ-అప్రియాల పట్ల సమభావంతో ఉండి, ఎవరి పట్లా పక్షపాతం చూపకుండా, న్యాయానుసారం దండాన్ని సరిగ్గా ప్రయోగిస్తూ ప్రజలను సమ్యకంగా రక్షించే రాజుని పాలనకార్యమే ధర్మమే.

राजन्O king
राजन्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
पूर्वकालेin former times
पूर्वकाले:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपूर्वकाल
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
मनुनाby Manu
मनुना:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमनु
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
एषःthis
एषः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उपदेशःinstruction, teaching
उपदेशः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootउपदेश
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दत्तःgiven
दत्तः:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootदा
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)
यत्that which
यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रियाप्रियेin the pleasant and the unpleasant
प्रियाप्रिये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रिय + अप्रिय
FormNeuter, Locative, Dual
समःequal, impartial
समः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भूत्वाhaving become
भूत्वा:
Karana
TypeVerb
Rootभू
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund)
पक्षपातम्partiality, bias
पक्षपातम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपक्षपात
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अकृत्वाnot doing
अकृत्वा:
Karana
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund) with negation अ-
दण्डस्यof punishment, of the rod (penalty)
दण्डस्य:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
यथावत्properly, duly
यथावत्:
Karana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथावत्
उपयोगम्use, application
उपयोगम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootउपयोग
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
कुर्वन्doing, applying
कुर्वन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, शतृ (present active participle)
प्रजाःthe subjects, people
प्रजाः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Plural
सुरक्षतिprotects well
सुरक्षति:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootरक्ष्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
तस्यof him, his
तस्य:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
तत्that
तत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
कर्मact, deed
कर्म:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
केवलम्only, purely
केवलम्:
Karana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकेवल
धर्मःdharma, righteousness
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भवतिis, becomes
भवति:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
M
Manu
R
Rājan (the king addressed—Yudhiṣṭhira in context)
D
Daṇḍa (royal punishment/discipline)
P
Prajā (the subjects)

Educational Q&A

A king’s rule becomes dharma when he is impartial toward the pleasant and unpleasant, avoids favoritism, applies punishment in the right measure, and protects the people effectively.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on statecraft and ethics, Bhishma advises the king (Yudhiṣṭhira) by citing Manu’s authoritative teaching on how righteous governance is defined.