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Shloka 19

Daṇḍa-svarūpa-nirūpaṇa

The Nature, Forms, and Function of Daṇḍa

परं विश्वासयेत्‌ साम्ना स्वशक्तिं चोपलक्षयेत्‌ । आत्मन: परिमर्शेन बुद्धि बुद्धया विचारयेत्‌,राजा मधुर वाणीद्वारा समझा-बुझाकर अपने प्रति दूसरेका विश्वास उत्पन्न करे। अपनी शक्तिका भी प्रदर्शन करे तथा अपने विचार और बुद्धिसे कर्तव्यका निश्चय करे

paraṁ viśvāsayet sāmnā svaśaktiṁ copalakṣayet | ātmanaḥ parimarśena buddhiṁ buddhyā vicārayet ||

రాజు ముందుగా మృదువైన సామముచే ప్రజల విశ్వాసాన్ని సంపాదించాలి. అలాగే తన శక్తి కూడా స్పష్టంగా కనిపించేలా చేయాలి; ఆపై ఆత్మపరిశీలనతో, నిర్మలమైన బుద్ధిచేత విచారించి చేయవలసిన కర్తవ్యాన్ని నిర్ణయించాలి.

परम्the other (person)
परम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपरम् (पर-)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
विश्वासयेत्should cause (him) to trust / should win confidence
विश्वासयेत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootविश्वासय् (causative of √विश् + वि-; denom. from विश्वास)
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
साम्नाby conciliation / by gentle means
साम्ना:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootसामन्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
स्वशक्तिम्one's own power
स्वशक्तिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootस्वशक्ति
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
उपलक्षयेत्should indicate / should make known
उपलक्षयेत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootउपलक्षय् (causative/denom. from उपलक्षण; from √लक्ष् with उप-)
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
आत्मनःof oneself
आत्मनः:
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
परिमर्शेनby reflection / by deliberation
परिमर्शेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपरिमर्श
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
बुद्धिम्understanding / judgment
बुद्धिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootबुद्धि
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
बुद्ध्याby intellect
बुद्ध्या:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootबुद्धि
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
विचारयेत्should consider / should deliberate
विचारयेत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootविचारय् (denom./causative from विचार; from √चर with वि-)
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
K
king (rājā)

Educational Q&A

A ruler should lead by a balanced method: win trust through gentle persuasion (sāman), maintain credibility by demonstrating strength, and finally decide action through careful self-reflection and rational deliberation.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on rāja-dharma, Bhishma advises the king on practical statecraft: how to approach others, establish confidence, signal capability, and then choose the proper course through thoughtful judgment.