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Shloka 5

Śānti Parva 116: Criteria for Royal Servants and Administrative Competence (भृत्य-गुण-प्रश्नः / राजसेवक-लक्षणम्)

अभिषिक्तो हि यो राजा राष्ट्रस्थो मित्रसंवृत: । ससुहृत्समुपेतो वा स कथं रज्जयेत्‌ प्रजा:,जो राजा अपने राज्यपर अभिषिक्त हो देशमें मित्रोंसे घिरा हुआ रहता है, तथा जो हितैषी सुहृदोंसे भी सम्पन्न है, वह किस प्रकार अपनी प्रजाको प्रसन्न रखे?

abhīṣikto hi yo rājā rāṣṭrastho mitrasaṁvṛtaḥ | sasuḥṛtsamupeto vā sa kathaṁ rañjayet prajāḥ ||

యుధిష్ఠిరుడు అడిగాడు—విధివిధానాలతో అభిషిక్తుడై, తన రాజ్యంలో స్థిరంగా ఉండి, మిత్రులతో చుట్టుముట్టబడి, హితైషి సుహృదుల సహాయంతో ఉన్న రాజు ప్రజలను ఎలా సంతృప్తిగా ఉంచాలి?

अभिषिक्तःanointed, consecrated
अभिषिक्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअभि-षिच् (क्त)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हिindeed, for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राजाking
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राष्ट्रस्थःsituated in the kingdom
राष्ट्रस्थः:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootराष्ट्र-स्थ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मित्रसंवृतःsurrounded by friends
मित्रसंवृतः:
TypeAdjective
Rootमित्र-संवृत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
he
:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सुहृत्-समुपेतःendowed with well-wishers (good-hearted friends)
सुहृत्-समुपेतः:
TypeAdjective
Rootसुहृत्-सम्-उप-इ (क्त)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
कथम्how
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्
रञ्जयेत्should please, should delight
रञ्जयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootरञ्ज्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular
प्रजाःsubjects, people
प्रजाः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Plural

युधिषछ्िर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
R
rājā (the king)
P
prajāḥ (subjects/people)
M
mitra (allies/friends)
S
suḥṛt (well-wishers)

Educational Q&A

Legitimate authority (abhiṣeka), allies, and loyal supporters do not by themselves secure good rule; a king must actively practice rajadharma—policies and conduct aimed at the welfare and satisfaction of the people.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on governance, Yudhiṣṭhira poses a practical question about statecraft: given a king already established and supported, by what means should he keep the populace pleased—inviting Bhīṣma’s guidance on rajadharma.