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Shloka 1

शूरलक्षणवर्णनम् | Marks and Typologies of Martial Temperament

/ नील (0) +#अस+- एकाधिकशततमो< ध्याय: भिन्न-भिन्न देशके योद्धाओंके स्वभाव, रूप, बल, आचरण और लक्षणोंका वर्णन युधिषछ्िर उवाच किंशीला: किंसमाचारा: कथंरूपाश्ष भारत । किंसन्नाहा: कथंशस्त्रा जना: स्यु: संगरे क्षमा:,युधिष्ठटिरने पूछा--'भरतनन्दन! युद्धस्थलमें कैसे स्वभाव, किस तरहके आचरण और कैसे रूपवाले योद्धा ठीक समझे जाते हैं? उनके कवच और अस्त्र-शस्त्र भी कैसे होने चाहिये?

Yudhiṣṭhira uvāca: kiṁśīlāḥ kiṁsamācārāḥ kathaṁrūpāś ca Bhārata | kiṁsannāhāḥ kathaṁśastrā janāḥ syuḥ saṅgare kṣamāḥ ||

యుధిష్ఠిరుడు పలికెను— ఓ భారతనందనా! యుద్ధరంగములో ఏ స్వభావము, ఏ ఆచారము, ఏ రూపము కలిగిన యోధులు సమరయోగ్యులుగా భావింపబడుదురు? మరియు వారి సన్నాహము (కవచము) మరియు ఆయుధములు ఎట్లుండవలెను?

युधिष्ठिरःYudhiṣṭhira
युधिष्ठिरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid/spoke
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
किंशीलाःof what disposition/nature?
किंशीलाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootकिंशील
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
किंसमाचाराःof what conduct/behavior?
किंसमाचाराः:
TypeAdjective
Rootकिंसमाचार
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
कथंरूपाःof what appearance/form?
कथंरूपाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootकथंरूप
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
भारतO Bhārata (descendant of Bharata)
भारत:
TypeNoun
Rootभारत
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
किंसन्नाहाःwith what armor/equipment?
किंसन्नाहाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootकिंसन्नाह
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
कथंशस्त्राःwith what weapons?
कथंशस्त्राः:
TypeAdjective
Rootकथंशस्त्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
जनाःpeople/warriors
जनाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
स्युःwould be/should be
स्युः:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormOptative, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
संगरेin battle
संगरे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसंगर
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
क्षमाःfit/capable/competent
क्षमाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootक्षम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

युधिषछ्िर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
B
Bhārata (address)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames warfare as a domain governed by discernible standards of character and discipline: fitness for battle is not merely physical strength but includes temperament, ethical conduct, proper preparedness, and appropriate armament—an inquiry aligned with kṣatriya-dharma.

In the Śānti Parva dialogue, Yudhiṣṭhira asks the elder authority (addressed as ‘Bhārata’) to describe the traits, behavior, appearance, and equipment that characterize warriors who are truly competent on the battlefield, setting up a detailed exposition on martial types and qualities.