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Shloka 45

रणभूमिवर्णनम् — Devāsuropama-yuddha and the ‘River’ Metaphor of the Battlefield

ततः प्रववृते युद्ध घोररूपं भयानकम्‌ | तावकानां परेषां च निध्नतामितरेतरम्‌,फिर तो परस्पर प्रहार करते हुए आपके और शत्रुपक्षके सैनिकोंमें अत्यन्त भयानक घोर युद्ध छिड़ गया

tataḥ pravavṛte yuddhaṃ ghorarūpaṃ bhayānakam | tāvakānāṃ pareṣāṃ ca nighnatām itaretaram ||

సంజయుడు అన్నాడు—అప్పుడు మీ సైన్యమూ శత్రుపక్ష సైన్యమూ పరస్పరం కొట్టుకుంటూ, అత్యంత ఘోరమైన భయంకర యుద్ధం చెలరేగింది.

ततःthen, thereafter
ततः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः (तद्-प्रातिपदिकात् अव्यय)
प्रववृतेarose, began, set in motion
प्रववृते:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र√वृत् (वृत्)
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3, singular, Ātmanepada
युद्धम्battle, war
युद्धम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुद्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
Formneuter, nominative, singular
घोररूपम्of dreadful form
घोररूपम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootघोररूप (प्रातिपदिक)
Formneuter, nominative, singular
भयानकम्terrifying
भयानकम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootभयानक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formneuter, nominative, singular
तावकानाम्of your (people), of the Kauravas
तावकानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootतावक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formmasculine, genitive, plural
परेषाम्of the others, of the enemies
परेषाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootपर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formmasculine, genitive, plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
निघ्नताम्of (them) striking/killing
निघ्नताम्:
TypeVerb
Rootनि√हन् (हन्) → निघ्नत् (वर्तमान-कृदन्त)
Formpresent active participle, masculine, genitive, plural
इतरेतरम्each other, mutually
इतरेतरम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइतरेतर (प्रातिपदिक)

संजय उवाच

S
Sanjaya
K
Kauravas (tāvakāḥ)
P
Pandavas/opposing army (pare)

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores the grim reality of war: once unleashed, it becomes a self-propelling cycle of fear and mutual destruction, reminding the listener that violence, even when framed as duty, carries an inherently dreadful moral and human cost.

Sanjaya reports to Dhritarashtra that a fierce, terrifying engagement has begun, with Kaurava and opposing troops attacking and killing one another in close combat.