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Shloka 43

व्यवहारं गदायुद्धे पार्थिवस्थ च पातनम्‌ | तदाख्याय तत: सर्वे द्रोणपुत्रस्य भारत ।। (वार्तिका दुःखसंतप्ता: शोकोपहतचेतस: ।) ध्यात्वा च सुचिरं काल॑ जम्मुराता यथागतम्‌,उन संदेशवाहकोंने आकर द्रोणपुत्र अश्वत्थामासे यथावत्‌ समाचार कह सुनाया। भारत! गदायुद्धमें भीमसेनका जैसा व्यवहार हुआ तथा राजाको जिस प्रकार धराशायी किया गया, वह सारा वृत्तान्त द्रोणपुत्रको बताकर दुःखसे संतप्त हो वे बहुत देरतक चिन्तामें डूबे रहे। फिर शोकसे व्याकुलचित्त एवं आर्त होकर जैसे आये थे वैसे चले गये

sañjaya uvāca |

vyavahāraṃ gadāyuddhe pārthivasya ca pātanam |

tad ākhyāya tataḥ sarve droṇaputrasya bhārata ||

(vārtikā: duḥkhasaṃtaptāḥ śokopahatacetasaḥ |

dhyātvā ca suciraṃ kālaṃ jagmur āgatā yathāgatam ||)

సంజయుడు అన్నాడు—ఓ భారతా! గదాయుద్ధంలోని వ్యవహారం, రాజు పతనం—ఇవన్నీ ద్రోణపుత్రునికి తెలియజేసి, ఆ వార్తావాహకులు దుఃఖంతో దగ్ధులై, శోకంతో దెబ్బతిన్న మనస్సుతో, చాలాసేపు ధ్యానంలో మునిగిపోయారు; ఆపై ఆర్తులై వ్యాకులులై, వచ్చినట్లే వెళ్లిపోయారు।

व्यवहारम्conduct, manner (of action)
व्यवहारम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootव्यवहार
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
गदायुद्धेin the mace-fight
गदायुद्धे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootगदायुद्ध
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
पार्थिवस्यof the king
पार्थिवस्य:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थिव
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
पातनम्the felling, bringing down
पातनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपातन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तत्that (account)
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आख्यायhaving told, having reported
आख्याय:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-ख्या
FormAbsolutive (Gerund), Parasmaipada
ततःthen, thereafter
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
सर्वेall (of them)
सर्वे:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
द्रोणपुत्रस्यof Droṇa's son (Aśvatthāman)
द्रोणपुत्रस्य:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootद्रोणपुत्र
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
भारतO Bhārata
भारत:
TypeNoun
Rootभारत
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
वार्तिकाःmessengers, reporters of news
वार्तिकाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवार्तिक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
दुःखसंतप्ताःtormented by sorrow
दुःखसंतप्ताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदुःख-संतप्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
शोकोपहतचेतसःwhose minds were struck down by grief
शोकोपहतचेतसः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootशोक-उपहत-चेतस्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
ध्यात्वाhaving pondered, having reflected
ध्यात्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootध्यै
FormAbsolutive (Gerund), Parasmaipada
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सुचिरम्for a long time
सुचिरम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसुचिर
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
कालम्time
कालम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकाल
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
जग्मुःthey went
जग्मुः:
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
यथाas, just as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
आगतम्come, arrived (as they had come)
आगतम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootआ-गम्
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Neuter, Accusative, Singular

संजय उवाच

संजय (Sañjaya)
भारत (Bhārata / Dhṛtarāṣṭra as addressee)
द्रोणपुत्र (Droṇaputra = Aśvatthāman)
पार्थिव (the king—contextually Duryodhana in the mace-duel episode)
गदायुद्ध (mace-duel)
संदेशवाहक (messengers)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the moral weight of wartime conduct: how a duel is carried out and how a fallen opponent is treated become ethically charged facts that generate grief, reflection, and consequences beyond the battlefield.

Messengers arrive and report to Aśvatthāman the full account of the mace-duel and the king’s downfall. After delivering the news, they linger in sorrowful contemplation and then depart.