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Shloka 90

द्वैपायनह्रदे दुर्योधनान्वेषणम् / The Search for Duryodhana at Dvaipāyana Lake

दिष्ट्या कुरुक्षये वृत्ते अस्मिंस्त्वं पुत्र जीवसि । विना राज्ञ: प्रवेशाद्‌ वै किमसि त्वमिहागत:

diṣṭyā kurukṣaye vṛtte asmiṁs tvaṁ putra jīvasi | vinā rājñaḥ praveśād vai kim asi tvam ihāgataḥ ||

సంజయుడు అన్నాడు—పుత్రా, కురుక్షేత్ర యుద్ధం జరిగిపోయిన తరువాత కూడా నీవు జీవించి ఉండటం నిజంగా భాగ్యం. కానీ రాజుని దర్శించకుండా నీవు ఇక్కడికి ఎందుకు వచ్చావు?

दिष्ट्याfortunately / by good luck
दिष्ट्या:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootदिष्टि
FormAvyaya (instrumental sense: 'by good fortune')
कुरुक्षयेin Kurukṣetra
कुरुक्षये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकुरुक्षय
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
वृत्तेwhen (this) has occurred / having happened
वृत्ते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootवृत्त
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular (PPP of √वृत्/√वृत्त् 'to happen/occur')
अस्मिन्in this
अस्मिन्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormMasculine (by context), Nominative, Singular
पुत्रO son
पुत्र:
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
जीवसिyou live / are alive
जीवसि:
TypeVerb
Root√जीव्
FormPresent, Parasmaipada, 2nd person, Singular
विनाwithout
विना:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootविना
FormAvyaya (governs ablative)
राज्ञःfrom the king / of the king (here: from, i.e., without the king's)
राज्ञः:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
प्रवेशात्from entering / entry
प्रवेशात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रवेश
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
FormAvyaya (emphatic particle)
किम्why / what
किम्:
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular (interrogative used adverbially)
असिyou are
असि:
TypeVerb
Root√अस्
FormPresent, Parasmaipada, 2nd person, Singular
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormMasculine (by context), Nominative, Singular
इहhere
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
FormAvyaya
आगतःcome / arrived
आगतः:
TypeAdjective
Rootआगत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular (PPP of √गम् with आ-)

संजय उवाच

S
Sanjaya
T
the king (Dhṛtarāṣṭra, implied)
K
Kurukṣetra

Educational Q&A

Even amid the devastation of war, survival is acknowledged as a matter of fortune, yet one must still observe dharma in the form of proper conduct—here, the expected protocol of first presenting oneself before the king.

Sanjaya addresses a younger person as “son,” expressing relief that he has survived the events at Kurukṣetra, and then questions why he has come there without first entering to meet the king (implicitly Dhṛtarāṣṭra).