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Shloka 33

Śālva’s Elephant Assault and the Counterstroke (शाल्वस्य नागारूढाभ्यवहारः)

मामतिक्रमते पार्थो धनुष्पाणिमवस्थितम्‌ । जघने सर्वसैन्यानां ममाश्चान्‌ प्रतिपादय

sañjaya uvāca |

mām atikramate pārtho dhanuṣpāṇim avasthitam |

jaghane sarvasainyānāṁ mamāśvān pratipādaya |

‘సూతా! నేను ఇక్కడ ధనుస్సు చేతబట్టి నిలిచి ఉన్నాను; అర్జునుడు నన్ను దాటి వెళ్లబోతున్నాడు. కాబట్టి నా అశ్వాలను సమస్త సేన యొక్క వెనుక భాగానికి నడిపించు.’

माम्me
माम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद्
Form—, Accusative, Singular
अतिक्रमतेcrosses/oversteps
अतिक्रमते:
TypeVerb
Rootअति-क्रम्
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada
पार्थःPartha (Arjuna)
पार्थः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धनुः-पाणिम्one having a bow in hand (bow-armed)
धनुः-पाणिम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootधनुस् + पाणि
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अवस्थितम्standing/posted
अवस्थितम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअव-स्था (अवस्थित)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
जघनेin the rear
जघने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootजघन
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
सर्व-सैन्यानाम्of all the armies
सर्व-सैन्यानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootसर्व + सैन्य
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
ममof me / my
मम:
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद्
Form—, Genitive, Singular
अश्वान्horses
अश्वान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअश्व
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
प्रतिपादयcause to go/bring/drive (place)
प्रतिपादय:
TypeVerb
Rootप्रति-√पद् (प्रति-पा-दयति)
FormImperative (Lot), 2nd, Singular, Parasmaipada
सूतO charioteer
सूत:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootसूत
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sanjaya
A
Arjuna (Pārtha)
B
bow (dhanuḥ)
H
horses (aśvāḥ)
C
charioteer (sūta)

Educational Q&A

Even in a dharmic framework of warfare, courage alone is insufficient; discernment and timely tactical movement are necessary to prevent greater harm. The verse highlights practical leadership—recognizing a threat (being outflanked) and issuing a clear command to preserve order in battle.

Sanjaya reports a battlefield moment where Arjuna attempts to pass beyond the speaker’s position while the speaker stands ready with a bow. To counter this, the speaker orders the charioteer to take the chariot’s horses to the rear of the army, indicating a repositioning to avoid being bypassed.