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Shloka 19

पाण्डवानां वनप्रस्थानवर्णनम् / The Pāṇḍavas’ Departure for the Forest

Vidura’s Report and Portents

स्वप्ने यथैतद्‌ विजितं धन स्या- देवं मनन्‍्ये यस्य दीव्यत्यनीश: । गान्धारराजस्य वचो निशम्य धर्मादस्मात्‌ कुरवो मापयात,(परंतु जब वे पहले अपनेको हारकर उसे दाँवपर लगानेका अधिकार ही खो बैठे थे, तब उसका मूल्य ही क्या रहा?) अनधिकारी पुरुष जिस धनको दाँवपर लगाता है, उसकी हार-जीत मैं वैसी ही मानता हूँ जैसे कोई स्वप्रमें किसी धनको हारता या जीतता है। कौरवो! तुमलोग गान्धारराज शकुनिकी बात सुनकर अपने धर्मसे भ्रष्ट न होओ

svapne yathaitad vijitaṃ dhanaṃ syād evaṃ manye yasya dīvyaty anīśaḥ | gāndhārarājasya vaco niśamya dharmād asmāt kuravo māpayāta ||

విదురుడు అన్నాడు—స్వప్నంలో ధనం గెలిచినట్లు లేదా పోయినట్లు ఎలా భావిస్తామో, అలాగే అధికారం లేని వాడు పణంగా పెట్టిన ధనపు గెలుపు-ఓటమిని నేను భావిస్తాను. గాంధారరాజు శకుని మాటలు విని, ఓ కురువులారా, ఈ ధర్మం నుండి తొలగిపోకండి।

स्वप्नेin a dream
स्वप्ने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootस्वप्न
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
यथाas, just as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
एतत्this (thing)
एतत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
विजितम्won (or lost), conquered
विजितम्:
TypeVerb
Rootवि + जि
Formkta (past passive participle), Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
धनम्wealth, money
धनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधन
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
स्यात्would be, may be
स्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
एवम्thus, in this way
एवम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम्
मन्येI think, I consider
मन्ये:
TypeVerb
Rootमन्
FormPresent (Lat), 1st, Singular, Atmanepada
यस्यof whom/whose
यस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
दीव्यतिplays (at dice), gambles
दीव्यति:
TypeVerb
Rootदिव् (दीव्यति)
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
अनीशःpowerless, not competent/authorized
अनीशः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअनीश
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
गान्धारराजस्यof the king of Gandhāra
गान्धारराजस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootगान्धारराज
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
वचःspeech, words
वचः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवचस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
निशम्यhaving heard, after listening
निशम्य:
TypeVerb
Rootनि + शम्
Formktvā (absolutive/gerund)
धर्मात्from dharma, from righteousness
धर्मात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
अस्मात्from this
अस्मात्:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Ablative, Singular
कुरवःO Kurus (Kauravas)
कुरवः:
TypeNoun
Rootकुरु
FormMasculine, Vocative/Nominative, Plural
माdo not
मा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमा
अपयातgo away, deviate, fall away
अपयात:
TypeVerb
Rootअप + या
FormImperative (Lot), 2nd, Plural, Parasmaipada

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura
K
Kurus
G
Gāndhārarāja (Śakuni)
D
dhanam (wealth/property)
D
dyūta (dice-game, implied)

Educational Q&A

A wager made by someone lacking rightful authority over the stake is ethically and juridically void; its ‘win’ or ‘loss’ is as unreal as a dream. Therefore the Kurus should not let Śakuni’s words push them into adharma.

In the dice-hall episode, Vidura rebukes the proceedings: after Yudhiṣṭhira has already lost his own freedom, further staking (especially of others) lacks proper entitlement. Vidura urges the Kuru assembly to resist Śakuni’s manipulative counsel and remain within dharma.