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Shloka 10

Adhyāya 59: Vidura’s Admonition to Duryodhana after the Summons of Draupadī (सभा पर्व)

इदं वै देवनं पापं निकृत्या कितवै: सह । धर्मेण तु जयो युद्धे तत्परं न तु देवनम्‌,युधिष्ठिरने कहा--मुनिश्रेष्ठ असित-देवलने, जो सदा इन लोदद्दारोंमें भ्रमण करते रहते हैं, ऐसा कहा है कि जुआरियोंके साथ शठतापूर्वक जो जूआ खेला जाता है, पाप है। धर्मानुकूल विजय तो युद्धमें ही प्राप्त होती है; अतः क्षत्रियोंके लिये युद्ध ही उत्तम है, जूआ खेलना नहीं

idaṁ vai devanaṁ pāpaṁ nikṛtyā kitavaiḥ saha | dharmeṇa tu jayo yuddhe tat-paraṁ na tu devanam ||

యుధిష్ఠిరుడు అన్నాడు—మోసంతో జూదగాళ్లతో కలిసి ఆడే ఈ జూదం నిజంగా పాపమే. ధర్మానుగుణమైన విజయం యుద్ధంలోనే లభిస్తుంది; కాబట్టి క్షత్రియులకు యుద్ధమే శ్రేయస్సు, జూదం కాదు.

इदम्this
इदम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
देवनम्gambling; dice-play
देवनम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदेवन
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
पापम्sinful
पापम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपाप
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
निकृत्याby deceit; through fraud
निकृत्या:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootनिकृति
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
कितवैःby gamblers
कितवैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकितव
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
सहtogether with
सह:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसह
धर्मेणby righteousness; lawfully
धर्मेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
तुbut
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
जयःvictory
जयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
युद्धेin battle
युद्धे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootयुद्ध
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
तत्-परम्devoted to that; intent on that (i.e., battle)
तत्-परम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootतत्पर
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तुbut
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
देवनम्gambling; dice-play
देवनम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदेवन
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular

युधिषछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
K
kitava (gamblers/dice-players)
D
devana (dice-gambling)
D
dharma
Y
yuddha (war/battle)
K
kṣatriya (warrior class)

Educational Q&A

Gambling—especially when mixed with deceit and the company of habitual gamblers—is condemned as sinful; for a kṣatriya, righteous victory aligned with dharma is properly sought in open battle, not through dice.

In the dice-hall context of the Sabha Parva, Yudhiṣṭhira voices a moral judgment on dice-play, contrasting it with the kṣatriya ideal of winning honorably through warfare rather than through fraudulent gambling.