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Shloka 51

वसुदेव–अर्जुन संवादः

Vasudeva–Arjuna Dialogue in the Aftermath of Dvārakā

ततो निवृत्त: कौन्तेय:ः सहसा सपदानुग: । उवाच तान्‌ महाबाहुरर्जुन: प्रहसन्निव,आक्रमणकारियोंको पीकछेकी ओरसे धावा करते देख कुन्तीकुमार महाबाहु अर्जुन सेवकोंसहित सहसा लौट पड़े और उनसे हँसते हुए-से-बोले--

tato nivṛttaḥ kaunteyaḥ sahasā sapadānugaḥ | uvāca tān mahābāhur arjunaḥ prahasann iva ||

వెనుక నుంచి దాడిచేసేవారు దూసుకొస్తున్నారని చూసి, కుంతీపుత్రుడు మహాబాహువు అర్జునుడు సేవకులతో సహా అకస్మాత్తుగా తిరిగి, వారితో చిరునవ్వుతో అన్నట్లుగా పలికాడు।

ततःthen, thereafter
ततः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः (तद्-प्रातिपदिकात् अव्यय)
निवृत्तःhaving turned back/returned
निवृत्तः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootनि-वृत् (धातु) → निवृत्त (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कौन्तेयःthe son of Kunti (Arjuna)
कौन्तेयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकौन्तेय (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सहसाsuddenly, at once
सहसा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसहसा (अव्यय)
सपदानुगःaccompanied by followers/attendants
सपदानुगः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootस-पद-अनुग (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid, spoke
उवाच:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु)
FormPerfect (लिट्), Third, Singular
तान्them
तान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
महाबाहुःmighty-armed
महाबाहुः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमहा-बाहु (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अर्जुनःArjuna
अर्जुनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअर्जुन (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रहसन्laughing, smiling
प्रहसन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-हस् (धातु) → प्रहसत् (वर्तमान-कृदन्त)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इवas if, like
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव (अव्यय)

वैशम्पायन उवाच

A
Arjuna
K
Kuntī (by patronymic: Kaunteya)
A
attendants/followers (anuga)
A
attackers (implied by context)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights steadiness and self-command: even when confronted by sudden aggression, a dharmic warrior responds with composure rather than panic, indicating inner discipline and confidence in rightful action.

Arjuna notices attackers charging from behind; he immediately turns back with his attendants and addresses them, appearing almost to smile—suggesting controlled readiness rather than fear.