Shloka 30

युधिष्ठिरस्य धनंजय-प्रति गर्हा

Yudhiṣṭhira’s Reproach to Dhanaṃjaya

Devanagari script

शल्यं नवत्या विव्याध त्रिसप्तत्या च सूतजम्‌ । तांस्तस्य गोप्तृन्‌ विव्याध त्रिभिस्त्रिभिरजिह्मगै:

Transliteration

śalyaṃ navatyā vivyādha trisaptatyā ca sūtajam | tāṃs tasya goptṝn vivyādha tribhis tribhir ajihmagaiḥ ||

Translation

సంజయుడు పలికెను—అతడు శల్యుని తొంభై బాణాలతో, సూతపుత్రుడైన కర్ణుని డెబ్బైమూడు బాణాలతో ఛేదించాడు. తరువాత కర్ణుని రక్షకులను కూడా నేరుగా దూసుకెళ్లే మూడు మూడు బాణాలతో బెదిరించాడు॥

Word by Word

• शल्यं: Shalya (as object)
• शल्यं: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: शल्य
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• नवत्या: with ninety (arrows)
• नवत्या: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: नवति
• Form: Feminine, Instrumental, Singular

• विव्याध: pierced
• विव्याध: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: व्यध्
• Form: Perfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• त्रिसप्तत्या: with seventy-three (arrows)
• त्रिसप्तत्या: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्रिसप्तति
• Form: Feminine, Instrumental, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• सूतजम्: the charioteer’s son (Karna)
• सूतजम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: सूतज
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• तान्: those
• तान्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• तस्य: of him / his
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular

• गोप्तॄन्: protectors/guards
• गोप्तॄन्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: गोप्तृ
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• विव्याध: pierced
• विव्याध: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: व्यध्
• Form: Perfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• त्रिभिः: with three (arrows)
• त्रिभिः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्रि
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural

• त्रिभिः: with three (each time)
• त्रिभिः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्रि
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural

• अजिह्मगैः: with straight-going (arrows)
• अजिह्मगैः: Karana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अजिह्मग
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Śalya
• Karṇa (Sūtaja)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights the grim discipline of kṣatriya-dharma in war: effectiveness, precision, and resolve are praised as martial virtues, even while the action underscores the tragic moral tension of duty expressed through violence.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the battle report narrated by Sañjaya, a warrior (implied from context) shoots Śalya with ninety arrows and Karṇa with seventy-three, and then pierces Karṇa’s supporting defenders with three straight-flying arrows each.