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Shloka 42

Aśvatthāman’s Arrow-Screen and the Confrontation with Yudhiṣṭhira (द्रौणि–युधिष्ठिर-संग्रामः)

मद्रका: सिन्धुसौवीरा: धर्म विद्यु: कथं त्विह

Madrakāḥ Sindhu-Sauvīrāḥ dharmaṃ vidyuḥ kathaṃ tv iha

కర్ణుడు అన్నాడు—“ఈ విషయంలో మద్రకులు, సింధు–సౌవీరులు ధర్మాన్ని ఎలా తెలుసుకోగలరు?”

मद्रकाःthe Madrakas (people of Madra)
मद्रकाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमद्रक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सिन्धुसौवीराःthe Sindhus and Sauvīras
सिन्धुसौवीराः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसिन्धुसौवीर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
धर्मम्dharma; righteousness; duty
धर्मम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
विद्युःknew / have known
विद्युः:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormPerfect (Paroksha), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
कथम्how?
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्
तुbut; indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
इहhere; in this matter
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह

कर्ण उवाच

कर्ण (Karna)
मद्र (Madra people/region)
सिन्धु (Sindhu/Indus region)
सौवीर (Sauvīra people/region)
धर्म (Dharma)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how appeals to “dharma” can be weaponized in conflict: Karna dismisses certain groups as incapable of understanding righteousness, showing how moral discourse may be entangled with prejudice, political rivalry, and wartime rhetoric rather than impartial ethical reasoning.

In the Karna Parva battle context, Karna speaks in a confrontational tone, questioning the moral authority of the Madras and the Sindhu–Sauvīras regarding the issue at hand, thereby undermining their standing and framing the dispute as one where their counsel on dharma should not be trusted.