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Shloka 9

Droṇācāryaḥ Senāpatiḥ

Droṇa Appointed Commander-in-Chief

यथा ह्मुकर्णधारा नौ रथश्नलासारथियथा । द्रवेद्‌ यथेष्टं तद्धत्‌ स्यादृते सेनापतिं बलम्‌,जैसे बिना नाविककी नाव जहाँ-कहीं भी जलमें बह जाती है और बिना सारथिका रथ चाहे जहाँ भटक जाता है, उसी प्रकार सेनापतिके बिना सेना भी जहाँ चाहे भाग सकती है

yathā hi karṇadhārā nauḥ rathasthāḥ sārathir yathā | dravet yatheṣṭaṃ tadvat syād ṛte senāpatiṃ balam ||

నావికుడు లేని పడవ నీటి ప్రవాహం ఎటు తీసుకెళ్తే అటు కొట్టుకుపోతుంది; సారథి లేని రథం ఇష్టమొచ్చినట్లు తిరుగుతుంది; అలాగే సేనాధిపతి లేని సేన కూడా ఎటు కావాలంటే అటు చెదిరి పారిపోవచ్చు.

यथाjust as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
कर्णधाराhelmsman/boatman
कर्णधारा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकर्णधार
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नौःboat
नौः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनौ
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
रथःchariot
रथः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सारथिcharioteer
सारथि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसारथि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यथाjust as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
द्रवेत्may run/drift
द्रवेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootद्रु
FormVidhi-ling (Optative), Non-past (modal), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
यथाas
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
इष्टम्as desired/at will
इष्टम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootइष्ट
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तत्that/so
तत्:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
हत्struck/defeated (as a state)
हत्:
TypeKridanta
Rootहन्
Formक्विप् (bare root form used as adjective/participle-like), Neuter, Nominative, Singular
स्यात्would be/might become
स्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormVidhi-ling (Optative), Non-past (modal), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
ऋतेwithout/except
ऋते:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootऋते
सेनापतिम्commander of the army
सेनापतिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसेनापति
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
बलम्army/force
बलम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootबल
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular

दुर्योधन उवाच

D
Duryodhana
S
senāpati (army commander)
N
nauḥ (boat)
K
karṇadhāra (helmsman)
R
ratha (chariot)
S
sārathi (charioteer)
B
balam (army)

Educational Q&A

Power (bala) becomes effective only when guided by competent leadership; without a senāpati, collective strength loses direction, discipline, and morale, leading to disorder or flight.

In the Drona Parva context, Duryodhana stresses the necessity of appointing or relying upon a commander to keep the Kaurava forces coordinated, using the analogies of a rudderless boat and a driverless chariot.