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Shloka 31

दुर्योधन-कर्ण-संवादः

Duryodhana–Karna Dialogue on Vyūha-bheda and Daiva

अथैनं पज्चविंशत्या सायकानां समार्पयत्‌ । अवप्लुत्य रथाच्चैद्यो गदामादाय सत्वर:

athainaṁ pañcaviṁśatyā sāyakānāṁ samārpayat | avaplutya rathāc caidyo gadām ādāya satvaraḥ ||

సంజయుడు పలికెను—అనంతరం అతడు ఇరవై ఐదు శరముల వర్షముతో అతనిపై ప్రహారము చేసెను. ఆపై చైద్యరాజు రథమునుండి దూకి దిగివచ్చి, త్వరగా గదను పట్టుకొనెను.

अथthen
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
एनम्him
एनम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootइदम् (एतद्)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
पञ्चविंशत्याwith twenty-five
पञ्चविंशत्या:
Karana
TypeNumeral
Rootपञ्चविंशति
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
सायकानाम्of arrows
सायकानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootसायक
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
समार्पयत्he struck/plied (him) with; he delivered
समार्पयत्:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-आ-√र्प् (अर्पयति)
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular
अवप्लुत्यhaving leapt down
अवप्लुत्य:
TypeVerb
Rootअव-√प्लु (प्लवते/प्लुति)
Formक्त्वा (absolutive), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral for ktvā)
रथात्from the chariot
रथात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
चैद्यःthe Caidya (king of Cedi)
चैद्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun (patronymic/ethnonym used as proper epithet)
Rootचैद्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
गदाम्a mace
गदाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगदा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
आदायhaving taken up
आदाय:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-√दा (ददाति/आदत्ते)
Formल्यप् (gerund/absolutive), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral for lyap)
सत्वरःswiftly; in haste
सत्वरः:
TypeAdjective
Rootसत्वर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
C
Caidya (king/warrior of Cedi)
R
ratha (chariot)
S
sāyaka (arrows)
G
gadā (mace)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the kṣatriya ethos in war: when circumstances shift, a warrior adapts—moving from ranged weapons to hand-to-hand combat—showing resolve, courage, and readiness to meet danger directly.

After striking his opponent with twenty-five arrows, the Cedi warrior jumps down from his chariot and quickly takes up a mace, signaling an immediate transition from chariot-archery to close-quarters fighting.