Shloka 1

भीष्मविक्रमदर्शनं तथा क्रौञ्चारुणव्यूहविधानम् | Bhīṣma’s Ascendancy and the Organization of the Krauñcāruṇa Formation

Devanagari script

२)। अन्त:करणकी शुद्धिसे ही विचार

Transliteration

arjuna uvāca | saṃnyāsasya mahābāho tattvam icchāmi veditum | tyāgasya ca hṛṣīkeśa pṛthak keśiniṣūdana ||

Translation

అర్జునుడు అన్నాడు—హే మహాబాహో! హే హృషీకేశా! హే కేశినిషూదనా! సన్యాస తత్త్వాన్ని, అలాగే త్యాగ తత్త్వాన్ని కూడా—వేర్వేరుగా—స్పష్టంగా తెలుసుకోవాలని నేను కోరుతున్నాను.

Word by Word

• अर्जुनः: Arjuna
• अर्जुनः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्जुन
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• उवाच: said
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच्
• Form: Perfect (Paroksha-bhuta), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

• संन्यासस्य: of renunciation (sannyāsa)
• Type: Noun
• Root: संन्यास
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• महाबाहो: O mighty-armed one
• Type: Noun
• Root: महाबाहु
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• तत्त्वम्: the true nature / principle
• तत्त्वम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: तत्त्व
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• इच्छामि: I wish / desire
• Type: Verb
• Root: इष्
• Form: Present, First, Singular, Parasmaipada

• वेदितुम्: to know
• Type: Verb
• Root: विद्
• Form: Infinitive (Tumun)

• त्यागस्य: of relinquishment (tyāga)
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्याग
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• हृषीकेश: O Hrishikesha (Lord of the senses)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हृषीकेश
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• पृथक्: separately
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पृथक्

• केशिनिषूदन: O slayer of Keshi
• Type: Noun
• Root: केशिनिषूदन
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

Speaker

अजुन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Arjuna
• Kṛṣṇa (Hṛṣīkeśa, Mahābāhu, Keśiniṣūdana)
• Keśin

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse frames the central inquiry of the final chapter: how to distinguish saṃnyāsa (renunciation) from tyāga (relinquishment). It sets up Kṛṣṇa’s clarification that spiritual freedom is not merely abandoning action, but abandoning egoistic ownership and craving for results—so that duty can be performed in purity and alignment with dharma.

What is happening in the narrative?

On the eve of battle, after hearing many paths and syntheses across earlier chapters, Arjuna seeks a definitive summary. He asks Kṛṣṇa to separate and define two closely related ideals—renunciation and relinquishment—so he can act without confusion, guilt, or attachment, and understand what true spiritual discipline requires amid worldly responsibility.