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Shloka 38

Karma-Saṃnyāsa–Karma-Yoga Saṃvāda

Renunciation and the Discipline of Action

सम्बन्ध-- यहाँ जिज्ञासा होती है कि यह काम मनुष्यको किस प्रकार पापोंगें प्रवृत्त करता है। अत: तीन श्लोकोद्वार इयका समाधान करते हैं-- धूमेनाव्रियते वल्निर्यथादर्शो मलेन च | यथोल्बेनावृतो गर्भस्तथा तेनेदमावृतम्‌,जिस प्रकार धूएँसे अग्नि और मैलसे दर्पण ढका जाता है तथा जिस प्रकार जेरसे गर्भ ढका रहता है, वैसे ही उस कामके द्वारा यह ज्ञान ढका रहता है:

dhūmenāvriyate vahnir yathādarśo malena ca | yatholbenāvṛto garbhas tathā tenedam āvṛtam ||

పొగతో అగ్ని కప్పబడినట్లు, మలినంతో అద్దం మసకబడినట్లు, గర్భం గర్భాశయంతో ఆవరించబడినట్లు—అలాగే ఆ కామముచేత ఈ జ్ఞానం కప్పబడుతుంది.

धूमेनby smoke
धूमेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootधूम
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
आव्रियतेis covered
आव्रियते:
TypeVerb
Root√वृ (आवृ)
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada, Passive (karmani)
वह्निःfire
वह्निः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवह्नि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यथाjust as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
आदर्शःmirror
आदर्शः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआदर्श
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मलेनby dirt/impurity
मलेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमल
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
यथाjust as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
उल्बेनby the amnion/placental covering
उल्बेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootउल्ब
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
आवृतःcovered
आवृतः:
TypeAdjective
Root√वृ (आवृ)
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
गर्भःembryo
गर्भः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगर्भ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तथाso/likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
तेनby that (i.e., by desire)
तेन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
इदम्this
इदम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
आवृतम्covered/veiled
आवृतम्:
TypeAdjective
Root√वृ (आवृ)
Formक्त (past passive participle), Neuter, Nominative, Singular

अजुन उवाच

A
Arjuna
F
fire (vahni)
M
mirror (ādarśa)
S
smoke (dhūma)
D
dirt/grime (mala)
E
embryo (garbha)
W
womb/covering (ulba)

Educational Q&A

Desire (kāma) does not annihilate wisdom; it veils it. Like smoke over fire or grime on a mirror, the obstruction is removable—ethical effort and self-control aim at clearing the covering so knowledge can shine.

In the Bhīṣma Parva dialogue (Bhagavad Gītā context), Arjuna is learning why people are driven toward wrongdoing. This verse answers by illustrating how desire obscures discernment, preparing the ground for guidance on overcoming that inner enemy.