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Shloka 29

Bhīṣma’s Fall, the Arrow-bed (śara-talpa), and the Establishment of Guard

रथनागहयावर्ता महाघोरां सुदुर्गमाम्‌ । रथेन संग्रामनदीं तरत्येष कपिध्वज:,“यह युद्ध एक महाघोर और अत्यन्त दुर्गण नदीके समान है। उसमें रथ, हाथी और घोड़े भँवर हैं, कपिध्वज अर्जुन रथरूपी नौकाके द्वारा इसे पार कर रहे हैं

sañjaya uvāca |

rathanāgahayāvartā mahāghorāṃ sudurgamām |

rathena saṅgrāmanadīṃ taratyeṣa kapidhvajaḥ ||

సంజయుడు అన్నాడు— “ఈ యుద్ధనది మహాభయంకరమైనది, దాటుటకు అత్యంత దుర్గమమైనది; ఇందులో రథాలు, ఏనుగులు, గుర్రాలు భ్రమరాలవంటివి. అయినా కపిధ్వజుడైన అర్జునుడు తన రథాన్ని నావగా చేసుకొని ఆ యుద్ధనదిని దాటుతున్నాడు.”

रथchariot
रथ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
FormMasculine, Nominative (in compound), Singular (stem form)
नागelephant
नाग:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootनाग
FormMasculine, Nominative (in compound), Singular (stem form)
हयhorse
हय:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootहय
FormMasculine, Nominative (in compound), Singular (stem form)
आवर्ताःwhirlpools
आवर्ताः:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootआवर्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
महाघोराम्very terrible
महाघोराम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootमहाघोर
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
सुदुर्गमाम्very hard to cross
सुदुर्गमाम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसुदुर्गम
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
रथेनby/with a chariot
रथेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
संग्रामbattle
संग्राम:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसंग्राम
FormMasculine, Nominative (in compound), Singular (stem form)
नदीम्river
नदीम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनदी
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
तरतिcrosses
तरति:
TypeVerb
Rootतॄ
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
एषःthis (one)
एषः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कपिध्वजःhe whose banner bears a monkey (Arjuna)
कपिध्वजः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकपिध्वज
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
A
Arjuna (Kapidhvaja)
C
chariot
E
elephants
H
horses
R
river of battle (saṅgrāmanadī)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames war as a perilous river whose dangers are the very instruments of combat; it highlights steadfast courage and disciplined agency—crossing danger through skill, resolve, and rightful kṣatriya duty rather than being swept away by fear.

Sañjaya, narrating the battlefield to Dhṛtarāṣṭra, depicts Arjuna (Kapidhvaja) advancing through the terrifying press of battle, using the chariot as the means to ‘cross’ the war-river filled with swirling threats of chariots, elephants, and horses.