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Shloka 9

Mind as Charioteer; Kṣetrajña, Tapas, and Dhyāna-Yoga

Adhyātma-Upadeśa

व्याख्यातं पूर्वकल्पेन मशकोदुम्बरं यथा । भुज्यमानं न जानीते नित्यं सत्त्वमचेतनम्‌ । यस्त्वेवं तं विजानीते यो भुड्धक्ते यश्व भुज्यते

vyākhyātaṃ pūrvakalpena maśakodumbaraṃ yathā | bhujyamānaṃ na jānīte nityaṃ sattvam acetanam | yas tv evaṃ taṃ vijānīte yo bhoktā caiva bhujyate ||

మునుపు మశకము–ఉదుంబరము దృష్టాంతంతో వివరించినట్లే, భోగ్యమైన అచేతన సత్త్వము నిత్యమైన క్షేత్రజ్ఞుని తెలుసుకోదు. కాని క్షేత్రజ్ఞుడు యథార్థంగా తెలుసుకొనును—భోగించేవాడు ఆత్మ, భోగ్యమైంది సత్త్వము అని.

व्याख्यातम्explained
व्याख्यातम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootव्याख्या (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
पूर्वकल्पेनby the former illustration/precedent
पूर्वकल्पेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपूर्वकल्प (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
मशक-उदुम्बरम्the gnat-and-udumbara (fig) example
मशक-उदुम्बरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमशक + उदुम्बर (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
यथाas/just as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
भुज्यमानम्being enjoyed/experienced
भुज्यमानम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootभुज् (धातु)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular, Passive (present participle)
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
जानीतेknows
जानीते:
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा (धातु)
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Ātmanepada
नित्यम्always/eternally
नित्यम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootनित्य (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
सत्त्वम्the (material) principle/being; sattva
सत्त्वम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसत्त्व (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अचेतनम्insentient
अचेतनम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअचेतन (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तुbut
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
एवम्thus/in this way
एवम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम्
तम्him/that
तम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
विजानीतेknows distinctly/understands
विजानीते:
TypeVerb
Rootवि + ज्ञा (धातु)
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Ātmanepada
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भुङ्क्तेenjoys/experiences
भुङ्क्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootभुज् (धातु)
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
यःwho/that which
यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
भुज्यतेis enjoyed/experienced
भुज्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootभुज् (धातु)
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Passive

वायुदेव उवाच

V
Vāyu (Vāyudeva)
M
maśaka (mosquito)
U
udumbara (cluster fig tree)

Educational Q&A

It distinguishes the conscious experiencer (ātman/kṣetrajña, the bhoktā) from the insentient experienced field or quality (sattva, the bhogya). True knowledge is recognizing that the Self is the knower and enjoyer, while material nature is what is enjoyed.

Vāyu continues a philosophical instruction, referring back to an earlier analogy (mosquito and udumbara) to clarify how the insentient cannot know the eternal knower, whereas the knower correctly discerns the relation between experiencer and experienced.