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Shloka 34

Adhyāya 42 — Mahābhūta–Indriya–Adhyātma-Vyavasthā

Brahmā’s Instruction on Elements and Faculties

चतुर्धा जन्म इत्येतद्‌ भूतग्रामस्य लक्ष्यते । प्राणियोंके रहनेके तीन ही स्थान हैं--जल, थल और आकाश। चौथा स्थान सम्भव नहीं है। देहधारियोंका जन्म चार प्रकारका होता है--अण्डज, उद्धिज्ज, स्वेदजण और जरायुज। समस्त भूत-समुदायका यह चार प्रकारका ही जन्म देखा जाता है || ३२-३३ ३ || अपराण्यथ भूतानि खेचराणि तथैव च

caturdhā janma ity etad bhūtagrāmasya lakṣyate | prāṇināṁ nivāsasya trīṇi sthānāni—jalaṁ thalaṁ ca ākāśaś ca | caturthaṁ sthānaṁ na sambhavati | dehadhāriṇāṁ janma caturvidhaṁ—aṇḍajaṁ udbhijjaṁ svedajaṁ jarāyujaṁ ca | samastasya bhūtasamudāyasya caturvidham eva janma dṛśyate || aparaṇy atha bhūtāni khecarāṇi tathaiva ca ||

వాయుదేవుడు పలికెను—సమస్త జీవసమూహమున జన్మ నాలుగు విధములుగానే దర్శనమగుచున్నది. ప్రాణుల నివాసస్థానములు మూడు మాత్రమే—జలము, స్థలము, ఆకాశము; నాలుగవది సాధ్యము కాదు. దేహధారుల జన్మ నాలుగు విధములు—అండజము, ఉద్భిజ్జము, స్వేదజము, జరాయుజము. ఈ విధముగా సమస్త భూతసమూహమున ఈ నాలుగు జన్మలే కనబడుచున్నవి.

चतुर्धाin four ways / fourfold
चतुर्धा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootचतुर्
जन्मbirth
जन्म:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजन्मन्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
एतत्this
एतत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
भूतग्रामस्यof the collection of beings
भूतग्रामस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootभूतग्राम
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
लक्ष्यतेis observed / is seen
लक्ष्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootलक्ष्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Passive (Ātmanepada-form)
अपराणिother (ones)
अपराणि:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअपर
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
अथthen / now
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
भूतानिbeings
भूतानि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभूत
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
खेचराणिsky-moving (aerial) beings
खेचराणि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootखेचर
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
तथाlikewise / so
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
एवindeed / just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root

वायुदेव उवाच

वायुदेव (Vāyu)
भूतग्राम (community of beings)
प्राणी (living creatures)
जल (water)
थल (land)
आकाश (sky/space)
अण्डज (egg-born beings)
उद्भिज्ज (sprout-born beings)
स्वेदज (moisture-born beings)
जरायुज (womb-born beings)
खेचर (sky-going beings)

Educational Q&A

Vāyu teaches a traditional framework for understanding embodied life: beings inhabit three realms (water, land, sky) and are born in four modes—egg-born, sprout-born, moisture-born, and womb/placenta-born—presented as an observable order in nature.

In a didactic passage of the Aśvamedhika Parva, Vāyu speaks as an instructor, explaining how living beings are categorized by habitat and by mode of birth, grounding the discussion in what is ‘seen’ in the world.