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Shloka 39

प्रतिग्रहभेदः — The Distinction between Giving and Accepting

Vṛṣādarbhī–Saptarṣi Dialogue

सौभाज्जन: कोविदारस्तथा गृज्जनकादय: । कूष्माण्डजात्यलाबुं च कृष्णं लवणमेव च

saubhājjanaḥ kovidārastathā gṛjjanakādayaḥ | kūṣmāṇḍajātyalābuṃ ca kṛṣṇaṃ lavaṇameva ca ||

భీష్ముడు పలికెను— “సౌభాజ్జన, కోవిదార, అలాగే గృజ్జనక మొదలైనవి; ఇంకా కూష్మాండ-జాతి అలాబు (లౌకీ/తుమ్మడి) మరియు నల్ల ఉప్పు కూడా (ఉపయోగ్యము).”

सौभाज्जनःthe (tree/plant) named Saubhājjan(a)
सौभाज्जनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसौभाज्जन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कोविदारःthe kovidāra tree
कोविदारः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकोविदार
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तथाand likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
गृज्जनकादयःGṛjjanaka and others
गृज्जनकादयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगृज्जनक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
कूष्माण्डजातिin the class/type of kuṣmāṇḍa (gourd/pumpkin)
कूष्माण्डजाति:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकूष्माण्डजाति
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
अलाबुम्bottle-gourd
अलाबुम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअलाबु
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
कृष्णम्black (substance/variety)
कृष्णम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootकृष्ण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
लवणम्salt
लवणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootलवण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
K
kovidāra
K
kūṣmāṇḍa
A
alābu (bottle-gourd)
L
lavaṇa (salt)

Educational Q&A

The verse contributes to a prescriptive list of acceptable items—especially food/produce—indicating that dharmic giving and ritual propriety include attention to suitable, wholesome materials offered with right intent.

In Anuśāsana Parva, Bhīṣma continues instructing Yudhiṣṭhira on dharma; here he enumerates particular vegetables/produce and salt as items to be included among proper provisions/offerings in the discussed context.