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Shloka 15

प्रतिग्रहभेदः — The Distinction between Giving and Accepting

Vṛṣādarbhī–Saptarṣi Dialogue

कृत्वा च दक्षिणाग्रान्‌ वै दर्भान्‌ स प्रयतः शुचि: । प्रददौ श्रीमत: पिण्डान्‌ नामगोत्रमुदाहरन्‌

kṛtvā ca dakṣiṇāgrān vai darbhān sa prayataḥ śuciḥ | pradadau śrīmataḥ piṇḍān nāmagotram udāharan |

ఇలా దక్షిణాగ్ర దర్భలను ఏర్పాటు చేసి, శుచిగా నియమంతో ఉండి, తన శ్రీమంతుడైన కుమారుని నామ-గోత్రాలను ఉచ్చరిస్తూ పిండాలను సమర్పించాడు।

कृत्वाhaving done
कृत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (धातु)
Formक्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (क्त्वान्त), कर्तरि, पूर्वकाल (absolutive)
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
दक्षिणाग्रान्with tips pointing south
दक्षिणाग्रान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootदक्षिणाग्र (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
दर्भान्darbha grass
दर्भान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदर्भ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रयतःcareful, self-restrained
प्रयतः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रयत (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शुचिःpure
शुचिः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootशुचि (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रददौgave, offered
प्रददौ:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-दा (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
श्रीमतःof the illustrious (one)
श्रीमतः:
Sambandha
TypeAdjective
Rootश्रीमत् (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
पिण्डान्rice-balls (funeral offerings)
पिण्डान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपिण्ड (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
नामname
नाम:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनामन् (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
गोत्रम्lineage, clan
गोत्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगोत्र (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
उदाहरन्uttering, pronouncing
उदाहरन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootउद्-आ-हृ (धातु)
Formशतृ-प्रत्ययान्त वर्तमान कृदन्त (परस्मैपदी), Masculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
D
darbha/kuśa grass
B
Brāhmaṇas (those who eat in the rite)
P
piṇḍa (funeral offering)
N
nāma-gotra (name and lineage of the deceased)
Ś
śrāddha (implied ritual context)

Educational Q&A

The verse emphasizes disciplined performance of ancestral rites: ritual purity (śuci), careful preparation (prayata), correct orientation and use of darbha, and explicit naming of the recipient through nāma-gotra—showing that dharma is upheld through attentive, truthful, and respectful action.

A performer of śrāddha prepares south-pointed darbha as ritual seats for the Brahmins who will partake of the meal, then offers piṇḍas while reciting the deceased son’s name and lineage, completing the offering with proper formalities.