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Shloka 3

Go-mahātmyam: Pavitrāṇāṃ Pavitraṃ

Cows and Ghee as Supreme Purifiers

वैशम्पायन उवाच इत्युक्तो धर्मराजेन तदा शान्तनवो नृप: । सम्यगाह गुणांस्तस्मै गोप्रदानस्य केवलान्‌,वैशम्पायनजी कहते हैं--राजन! धर्मराज युधिष्ठिरके ऐसा कहनेपर उस समय शान्तनुनन्दन भीष्म केवल गोदान-सम्बन्धी गुणोंका भलीभाँति (विधिवत) वर्णन करने लगे

Vaiśampāyana uvāca: ity ukto dharmarājena tadā śāntanavo nṛpaḥ | samyag āha guṇāṁs tasmai gopradānasya kevalān ||

వైశంపాయనుడు పలికెను—ధర్మరాజు యుధిష్ఠిరుడు ఇలా పలికినపుడు, శాంతనవుడు భీష్ముడు గోదానానికి సంబంధించిన గుణములను సమ్యకంగా, క్రమబద్ధంగా అతనికి వివరించసాగెను।

वैशम्पायनःVaishampayana
वैशम्पायनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवैशम्पायन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
उक्तःhaving been addressed / spoken to
उक्तः:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, kta (past passive participle)
धर्मराजेनby Dharmaraja (Yudhishthira)
धर्मराजेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootधर्मराज
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
तदाthen
तदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
शान्तनवःthe son/descendant of Shantanu (Bhishma)
शान्तनवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशान्तनव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नृपःking
नृपः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनृप
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सम्यक्properly, correctly
सम्यक्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसम्यक्
आहsaid, spoke
आह:
TypeVerb
Rootअह्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular
गुणान्merits, virtues
गुणान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगुण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
तस्मैto him
तस्मै:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
गोप्रदानस्यof cow-gifting (gift of cows)
गोप्रदानस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootगोप्रदान
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
केवलान्only, exclusively
केवलान्:
TypeAdjective
Rootकेवल
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
D
Dharmarāja (Yudhiṣṭhira)
Ś
Śāntanava (Bhīṣma)
G
go-pradāna (gift of cows)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames go-dāna (the gifting of cows) as a distinct dharmic act whose specific virtues are to be explained carefully; it highlights that ethical giving is not random but can be taught, categorized, and performed in a proper (samyak) manner.

After Yudhiṣṭhira (Dharmarāja) addresses him with a query, Bhīṣma—identified as Śāntanava—begins a focused exposition on the merits of cow-gifting, with Vaiśampāyana narrating this transition.