Shloka 21

यः क्षुद्धयाद्‌ वै न विकर्म कुर्या- न्मृदुश्व शान्तो हाृतिथिप्रियश्व । वृत्तिं द्विजायातिसृजेत तस्मै यस्तुल्यशीलश्च सपुत्रदार:,जो वेदान्तनिष्ठ, बहुज्ञ, ज्ञानानन्दसे तृप्त, जितेन्द्रिय, शिष्ट, मनको वशमें रखनेवाला, यत्नशील, समस्त प्राणियोंके प्रति सदा प्रिय वचन बोलनेवाला, भूखके भयसे भी अनुचित कर्म न करनेवाला, मृदुल, शान्त, अतिथिप्रेमी, सबपर समानभाव रखनेवाला और स्त्री-पुत्र आदि कुट॒म्बसे युक्त हो, उस ब्राह्मणकी जीविकाका अवश्य प्रबन्ध करना चाहिये

bhīṣma uvāca | yaḥ kṣudhayād vai na vikarma kuryān mṛduś ca śānto hy atithipriyaś ca | vṛttiṃ dvijāyāti-sṛjet tasmai yas tulyaśīlaś ca sa-putra-dāraḥ ||

భీష్ముడు పలికెను—ఆకలిచేత ఒత్తిడిపడినప్పటికీ అధర్మకర్మ చేయని, మృదువూ శాంతుడూ, అతిథిసత్కారప్రియుడు, సమస్తుల పట్ల సమభావముతో ఉండి, భార్యా-పుత్రులతో గృహస్థుడై జీవించు ఆ ద్విజునికి జీవనోపాధిని తప్పక సమకూర్చవలెను।

यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
क्षुध्यात्from hunger / due to hunger
क्षुध्यात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootक्षुध्
FormFeminine, Ablative, Singular
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
विकर्मwrong act / improper deed
विकर्म:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootविकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
कुर्यात्should do
कुर्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
मृदुःgentle
मृदुः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमृदु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
शान्तःcalm, peaceful
शान्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootशान्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अतिथिप्रियःfond of guests / hospitable
अतिथिप्रियः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअतिथिप्रिय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
वृत्तिम्livelihood, means of living
वृत्तिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवृत्ति
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
द्विजायto a brahmin (twice-born)
द्विजाय:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
अतिसृजेत्should provide / should bestow
अतिसृजेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootअति-सृज्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
तस्मैto him
तस्मै:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तुल्यशीलःof equal disposition (towards all)
तुल्यशीलः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootतुल्यशील
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सपुत्रदारःhaving son(s) and wife (i.e., with family)
सपुत्रदारः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootस-पुत्र-दार
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
B
Brahmin (dvija)
G
guest (atithi)
W
wife (dāra)
S
sons/children (putra)

Educational Q&A

Society (especially rulers and householders) should ensure the maintenance of a Brahmin who remains steadfast in dharma—refusing wrongdoing even when hungry—who is gentle, calm, hospitable, and impartial. Supporting such virtue helps dharma endure.

In Bhishma’s instruction on dharma (Anushasana Parva), he describes the qualities of an exemplary Brahmin householder and advises that his livelihood should be provided for—highlighting ethical resilience under hardship and the social duty to sustain the righteous.