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Shloka 43

Nṛga-upākhyāna: Brāhmaṇa-sva and the Consequence of Misappropriated Gift-Cattle (कृकलास-रूपे नृगोपाख्यानम्)

अतश्चर्मण्वती राजन्‌ गोचर्मभ्य: प्रवर्तिता । पशुत्वाच्च विनिर्मुक्ता: प्रदानायोपकल्पिता:

Bhīṣma uvāca: ataś carmaṇvatī rājan gocarmabhyaḥ pravartitā | paśutvāc ca vinirmuktāḥ pradānāyopakalpitāḥ ||

భీష్ముడు అన్నాడు— “అందువల్ల, రాజా, గోవుల చర్మాల వల్ల చర్మణ్వతీ అనే నది ప్రవహించిందని చెప్పబడింది. ఆ గోవులు పశుత్వ బంధం నుండి విముక్తులు; అవి దానార్థమే నియమించబడ్డాయి.”

अतःtherefore/from that
अतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअतः
चर्मण्वतीthe (river) Charmanvasati
चर्मण्वती:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootचर्मण्वती
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
गोचर्मभ्यःfrom cow-hides
गोचर्मभ्यः:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootगोचर्मन्
FormNeuter, Ablative, Plural
प्रवर्तिताwas set in motion/flowed forth
प्रवर्तिता:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र√वृत्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular, Passive, Past (PPP)
पशुत्वात्from animal-nature/animal status
पशुत्वात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootपशुत्व
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
विनिर्मुक्ताःwere freed/released
विनिर्मुक्ताः:
TypeVerb
Rootवि-नि-√मुच्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural, Passive, Past (PPP)
प्रदानायfor giving/as a gift
प्रदानाय:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रदान
FormNeuter, Dative, Singular
उपकल्पिताःwere prepared/appointed
उपकल्पिताः:
TypeVerb
Rootउप-√कॢप्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural, Passive, Past (PPP)

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
R
Rājan (the king, i.e., Yudhiṣṭhira as addressee)
C
Carmaṇvatī river
C
cows (go)
C
cow-hides (gocarma)
K
King Rantideva (contextual reference)

Educational Q&A

Bhishma underscores the dharmic gravity of dāna: what is designated for gifting—especially cows in royal rites—should be treated as sacred and ethically protected, not reduced to mere consumable property.

Bhishma explains an etiological tradition: the river Carmaṇvatī is said to have arisen from cow-hides connected with King Rantideva’s great sacrificial-gifting context, emphasizing that the cows involved were specifically set apart for donation and thus 'freed' from ordinary sacrificial-animal status.