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Shloka 15

दानफलप्रकरणम् — उपानहदानं, तिलदानं, भूमिदानं, गोदानं, अन्नदानं च

Gifts and Their Stated Results: Footwear, Sesame, Land, Cows, and Food

नाभूमिपतिना भूमिरधिष्ठेया कथंचन । नचापात्रेण वा ग्राह्मा दत्तदाने न चाचरेत्‌

Bhīṣma uvāca: na bhūmipatinā bhūmir adhiṣṭheyā kathaṃcana | na cāpātreṇa vā grāhyā dattadāne na cācaret | akṣayaṃ ca bhaved dattaṃ pitṛbhyaḥ tan na saṃśayaḥ | tasmāc chrāddheṣv idaṃ vidvān bhuñjataḥ śrāvayed dvijān ||

భీష్ముడు పలికెను—భూమికి యథార్థ స్వామి కానివాడు ఏ విధంగానూ ఆ భూమిని అధిష్ఠించకూడదు. అలాగే అపాత్రుడు భూమిదానాన్ని స్వీకరించకూడదు; దానంగా ఇచ్చిన భూమిని మళ్లీ తన వినియోగంలోకి తెచ్చుకోకూడదు. పితృదేవతల నిమిత్తం ఇచ్చిన దానం అక్షయమవుతుంది—ఇందులో సందేహం లేదు. కాబట్టి శ్రాద్ధక్రియ జరుగుతున్నప్పుడు జ్ఞాని ఈ నియమాన్ని ద్విజ బ్రాహ్మణులకు వినిపించాలి.

not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
भूमि-पतिनाby the lord/owner of the land
भूमि-पतिना:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootभूमिपति
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
भूमिःland
भूमिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभूमि
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
अधिष्ठेयाto be ruled/occupied (fit to be possessed)
अधिष्ठेया:
TypeAdjective
Rootअधिष्ठेय
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
कथंचनin any way, at all
कथंचन:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथंचन
nor/not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपात्रेणby an unworthy recipient
अपात्रेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअपात्र
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
ग्राह्याto be accepted
ग्राह्या:
TypeAdjective
Rootग्राह्य
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
दत्त-दानेin a gift that has been given (in the matter of a given donation)
दत्त-दाने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootदत्तदान
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
आचरेत्should practice/should do
आचरेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-चर्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
अक्षयम्imperishable, inexhaustible
अक्षयम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअक्षय
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
भवेत्would be / should become
भवेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
दत्तम्the gift (that which is given)
दत्तम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदत्त
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
पितृभ्यःto the ancestors
पितृभ्यः:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ
FormMasculine, Dative, Plural
तत्that
तत्:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
संशयःdoubt
संशयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसंशय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तस्मात्therefore
तस्मात्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतस्मात् (तद्)
श्राद्धेषुin śrāddha rites
श्राद्धेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootश्राद्ध
FormNeuter, Locative, Plural
इदम्this (teaching)
इदम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootइदं
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
विद्वान्a learned man
विद्वान्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविद्वस्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भुञ्जतःof one who is eating
भुञ्जतः:
TypeVerb
Rootभुज्
FormPresent active participle, Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
श्रावयेत्should cause to hear / should recite to
श्रावयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु (causative: श्रावय)
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
द्विजान्brahmins (twice-born)
द्विजान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
P
pitṛ (ancestors)
D
dvija (twice-born/Brahmins)
B
bhūmi (land)
Ś
śrāddha (ancestral rite)

Educational Q&A

Respect rightful ownership and the sanctity of gifts: do not seize land without legitimate title, do not accept land if one is unqualified, and do not reclaim or use land once it has been donated—especially when given in connection with ancestral rites, whose merit is said to be imperishable.

In Bhishma’s instruction on dharma (Anuśāsana Parva), he lays down rules governing land and gifting, linking proper conduct in donations—particularly those connected with śrāddha—to enduring benefit for the ancestors and to social-legal order.