Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 34

Adhyāya 64: Dāna-prakāra—Suvarṇa, Pānīya-dāna, Ghṛta-dāna, and Upakaraṇa-dāna

Utility Gifts

जो राजा प्रजासे यह कहकर कि “मैं तुमलोगोंकी रक्षा करूँगा” उनकी रक्षा नहीं करता, वह पागल और रोगी कुत्तेकी तरह सबके द्वारा मार डालने योग्य है ।। पापं कुर्वन्ति यत्‌ किंचित्‌ प्रजा राज्ञा हारक्षिता: | चतुर्थ तस्य पापस्य राजा विन्दति भारत,भरतनन्दन! राजासे अरक्षित होकर प्रजा जो कुछ भी पाप करती है, उस पापका एक चौथाई भाग राजाको भी प्राप्त होता है

bhīṣma uvāca | yo rājā prajābhyaḥ “ahaṃ yuṣmān rakṣiṣyāmi” iti uktvā tāḥ na rakṣati, sa unmattavat rogi-śunavat ca sarvaiḥ hantum arhati || pāpaṃ kurvanti yat kiñcit prajā rājñā hy arakṣitāḥ | caturthaṃ tasya pāpasya rājā vindati bhārata ||

భీష్ముడు పలికెను—ప్రజలకు “నేను మిమ్మల్ని రక్షిస్తాను” అని చెప్పి కూడా రక్షించని రాజు, పిచ్చి పట్టిన రోగగ్రస్త కుక్క వలె అందరి చేత సంహరింపదగినవాడు. అలాగే రాజు రక్షణ లేక ప్రజలు ఏ పాపం చేసినా, ఓ భారతా, ఆ పాపంలో నాలుగో వంతు రాజుకూ దక్కుతుంది.

पापम्sin, wrongdoing
पापम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपाप
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
कुर्वन्तिthey do/commit
कुर्वन्ति:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
यत्whatever (that which)
यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
किञ्चित्anything, at all
किञ्चित्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकिञ्चित्
प्रजाःsubjects, people
प्रजाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
राज्ञाby the king
राज्ञा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
अ-रक्षिताḥunprotected
अ-रक्षिताḥ:
TypeAdjective
Rootरक्षित (√रक्ष्)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
चतुर्थम्a fourth part
चतुर्थम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootचतुर्थ
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तस्यof that (sin)
तस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
पापस्यof the sin
पापस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootपाप
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विन्दतिobtains, incurs
विन्दति:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
भारतO Bharata
भारत:
TypeNoun
Rootभारत
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
B
Bharata (Yudhiṣṭhira as addressee)
K
king (rājā)
S
subjects/people (prajāḥ)

Educational Q&A

A ruler’s legitimacy rests on protecting the people; if he neglects this duty after promising protection, he becomes blameworthy and punishable. Moreover, the king is morally complicit: when subjects commit wrong due to lack of protection and order, the king incurs one-fourth of that sin.

In Bhishma’s instruction on rajadharma to Yudhiṣṭhira (addressed as ‘Bharata’), he lays down a strict standard for kingship: failure to protect subjects is a grave breach of duty, and the king shares in the moral consequences of social disorder that results from his negligence.