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Shloka 4

Brāhmaṇa-mahattva and Atithi-Dharma

Brahmagītā: Praise of Brāhmaṇas and norms of honor

प्रपात्यमान: श्येनेन कपोत: प्रियदर्शन: । वृषदर्भ महाभागं नरेन्द्र शरणं गत:,एक समयकी बात है, एक बाज किसी सुन्दर कबूतरको मार रहा था। वह कबूतर बाजके डरसे भागकर महाभाग राजा वृषदर्भ (उशीनर)-की शरणमें गया

prapātyamānaḥ śyenena kapotaḥ priyadarśanaḥ | vṛṣadarbha mahābhāgaṃ narendra śaraṇaṃ gataḥ ||

భీష్ముడు పలికెను—ఒకసారి ఒక అందమైన పావురంపై గద్ద దూకింది. భయంతో పారిపోయిన ఆ పావురం మహాభాగుడైన నరేంద్ర వృషదర్భ (ఉశీనర) శరణు కోరింది.

प्रपात्यमानःbeing struck down / being made to fall
प्रपात्यमानः:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootप्रपात्य (√पत् + प्र, causative)
Formpresent passive participle (śatṛ/śānac-type in passive sense), masculine, nominative, singular
श्येनेनby the hawk
श्येनेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootश्येन
Formmasculine, instrumental, singular
कपोतःthe pigeon
कपोतः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकपोत
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
प्रियदर्शनःpleasant-looking / of lovely appearance
प्रियदर्शनः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रियदर्शन
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
वृषदर्भO Vṛṣadarbha
वृषदर्भ:
TypeNoun
Rootवृषदर्भ
Formmasculine, vocative, singular
महाभागम्the greatly fortunate (one)
महाभागम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootमहाभाग
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
नरेन्द्रO king (lord of men)
नरेन्द्र:
TypeNoun
Rootनरेन्द्र
Formmasculine, vocative, singular
शरणम्refuge
शरणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशरण
Formneuter, accusative, singular
गतःwent / having gone
गतः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootगम् (गत)
Formpast active participle (kta), masculine, nominative, singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
V
Vṛṣadarbha (Uśīnara)
K
kapota (pigeon)
Ś
śyena (hawk)

Educational Q&A

The verse introduces the dharma of refuge: when a frightened being seeks shelter, especially from a ruler, protection becomes a moral obligation. It foregrounds the king’s role as guardian of the vulnerable, even when the threat is powerful.

A hawk attacks a pigeon. The pigeon escapes and runs to the noble king Vṛṣadarbha (Uśīnara) for protection, setting up a moral test about whether the king will uphold the duty of granting refuge.