Shloka 8

युधिछिर उवाच अपूर्वोजप्यथवा विद्वान्‌ सम्बन्धी वा यथा भवेत्‌ । तपस्वी यज्ञशीलो वा कथं पात्र भवेत्‌ तु सः,युधिष्ठिरने पूछा--जो अपरिचित, विद्वान, सम्बन्धी, तपस्वी अथवा यज्ञशील हों, इनमेंसे कौन किस प्रकारके गुणोंसे सम्पन्न होनेपर श्राद्ध एवं दानका उत्तम पात्र हो सकता है?

yudhiṣṭhira uvāca | apūrvo jñāpya athavā vidvān sambandhī vā yathā bhavet | tapasvī yajñaśīlo vā kathaṃ pātraṃ bhavet tu saḥ ||

యుధిష్ఠిరుడు అన్నాడు—మునుపెన్నడూ పరిచయం లేని వాడైనా, లేదా పండితుడైనా, సందర్భానుసారం బంధువైనా; తపస్వియైనా, యజ్ఞనిష్ఠుడైనా—అటువంటి వాడు ఏ ఏ గుణాలతో యుక్తుడైతే శ్రాద్ధం మరియు దానానికి ఉత్తమ పాత్రుడవుతాడు?

युधिष्ठिरःYudhiṣṭhira
युधिष्ठिरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular
अपूर्वःunprecedented / unknown (new)
अपूर्वः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअपूर्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उतor / and also
उत:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउत
अपिalso / even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
अथवाor else
अथवा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथवा
विद्वान्a learned man
विद्वान्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविद्वस्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सम्बन्धीa relative / one connected
सम्बन्धी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसम्बन्धिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
यथाas / how
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
भवेत्might be / should be
भवेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormOptative, Third, Singular
तपस्वीan ascetic
तपस्वी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्विन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यज्ञशीलःone devoted to sacrifices
यज्ञशीलः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootयज्ञशील
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
कथम्how
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्
पात्रःa worthy recipient
पात्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपात्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भवेत्might be / should be
भवेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormOptative, Third, Singular
तुbut / indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
सःhe / that person
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira

Educational Q&A

The verse frames an ethical inquiry central to dāna and śrāddha: external labels—being a stranger, a relative, learned, ascetic, or ritual-minded—do not by themselves establish worthiness. The real criterion is the presence of qualifying virtues (such as conduct, self-control, truthfulness, and purity), which the subsequent discourse is expected to define.

In the Anuśāsana Parva’s instruction on dharma, Yudhiṣṭhira asks for guidance on whom one should honor with śrāddha offerings and charitable gifts. He lists different categories of potential recipients and requests the specific qualities that make any of them an ‘uttama pātra’ (excellent recipient).