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Shloka 42

कालयुक्तधर्मविवेकः

Discerning Dharma in Accord with Time

केनायुर्लभते दीर्घ कर्मणा पुरुष: प्रभो । तपसा वापि देवेश केनायुर्लभते महत्‌,प्रभो! मनुष्य किस कर्मसे दीर्घायु प्राप्त करता है? तथा देवेश्वर! किस तपस्यासे मनुष्यको बड़ी आयु प्राप्त होती है?

kenāyur labhate dīrghaṃ karmaṇā puruṣaḥ prabho | tapasā vāpi deveśa kenāyur labhate mahat ||

ఓ ప్రభో! ఏ కర్మముచేత మనుష్యుడు దీర్ఘాయువును పొందును? మరియు ఓ దేవేశ్వరా! ఏ తపస్సుచేత మనుష్యునికి మహత్తర ఆయుష్కాలము లభించును?

केनby what? (by which means)
केन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
आयुःlife-span
आयुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआयुस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
लभतेobtains
लभते:
TypeVerb
Rootलभ्
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Ātmanepada
दीर्घम्long
दीर्घम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootदीर्घ
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
कर्मणाby (what) deed/action
कर्मणा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
पुरुषःa man
पुरुषः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रभोO lord
प्रभो:
TypeNoun
Rootप्रभु
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
तपसाby austerity/penance
तपसा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
देवेशO lord of the gods
देवेश:
TypeNoun
Rootदेवेश
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
केनby what?
केन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
आयुःlife-span
आयुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआयुस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
लभतेobtains
लभते:
TypeVerb
Rootलभ्
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Ātmanepada
महत्great
महत्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
प्रभोO lord
प्रभो:
TypeNoun
Rootप्रभु
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

श्रीमहेश्वर उवाच

Ś
Śrī-Maheśvara (Mahādeva/Śiva)
D
Deveśa (Lord of the gods)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames longevity as not merely biological chance but as something connected to dharmic action (karma) and disciplined austerity (tapas). It invites reflection on which kinds of deeds and self-restraint are considered life-sustaining within the epic’s moral universe.

Śrī Maheśvara addresses the supreme Lord (called ‘Prabho’ and ‘Deveśa’) with a direct inquiry, asking what actions and what austerities lead a human being to attain long life and a great lifespan.