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Shloka 49

Rudra-Śiva: Names, Two Natures, and the Logic of Epithets (रुद्रनाम-बहुरूपत्व-प्रकरणम्)

तस्य राज्ञ: परो धर्मो दम: स्वाध्याय एव च | अग्निहोत्रपरिस्पन्दो दानाध्ययनमेव च

tasya rājñaḥ paro dharmo damaḥ svādhyāya eva ca | agnihotra-parispando dānādhyayanam eva ca ||

ఆ రాజునకు పరమధర్మం—దమము (ఇంద్రియనిగ్రహం) మరియు స్వాధ్యాయం; అలాగే అగ్నిహోత్రాన్ని నిత్యం శ్రద్ధతో ఆచరించడం, దానం, అధ్యయనం కూడా.

तस्यof him/that
तस्य:
Sambandha
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
राज्ञःof the king
राज्ञः:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
परोhighest/supreme
परो:
Visheshana
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धर्मःduty/righteousness
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दमःself-control
दमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्वाध्यायःstudy (of Veda)/self-recitation
स्वाध्यायः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootस्वाध्याय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
एवindeed/only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अग्निहोत्रAgnihotra (fire-offering)
अग्निहोत्र:
TypeNoun
Rootअग्निहोत्र
FormNeuter, Nominative (as compound member), Singular
परिस्पन्दःperformance/regular activity (lit. movement)
परिस्पन्दः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपरिस्पन्द
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दानgiving/charity
दान:
TypeNoun
Rootदान
FormNeuter, Nominative (as compound member), Singular
अध्ययनम्study/learning
अध्ययनम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअध्ययन
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
एवindeed/only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root

श्रीमहेश्वर उवाच

Ś
Śrīmaheśvara (Mahādeva/Śiva)
R
rājā (the king)

Educational Q&A

A king’s supreme dharma is inner discipline (dama) supported by sacred learning (svādhyāya/adhyayana), sustained ritual responsibility (Agnihotra), and outward generosity (dāna). Kingship is validated by restraint, learning, and beneficence rather than force alone.

Śrīmaheśvara is instructing about the standards of righteous conduct for a king, listing the principal practices that uphold royal dharma: self-control, scriptural study, faithful performance of the Agnihotra rite, and charity.