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Shloka 25

Rudra-Śiva: Names, Two Natures, and the Logic of Epithets (रुद्रनाम-बहुरूपत्व-प्रकरणम्)

श्रीमहेश्वर उवाच अहिंसा सत्यवचनं सर्वभूतानुकम्पनम्‌ । शमो दानं यथाशक्ति गार्हस्थ्यो धर्म उत्तम:

śrīmaheśvara uvāca: ahiṃsā satyavacanaṃ sarvabhūtānukampanam | śamo dānaṃ yathāśakti gārhasthyo dharma uttamaḥ ||

శ్రీమహేశ్వరుడు అన్నాడు—దేవీ! ఏ ప్రాణికీ హింస చేయకపోవడం, సత్యవచనం, సమస్త భూతాలపై కరుణ, మనశ్శమనం (ఇంద్రియనిగ్రహం), మరియు శక్తి మేరకు దానం చేయడం—ఇదే గృహస్థాశ్రమానికి పరమోత్తమ ధర్మం.

श्रीमहेश्वरःŚrī Maheśvara (Lord Śiva)
श्रीमहेश्वरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootश्रीमहेश्वर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
अहिंसाnon-violence
अहिंसा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअहिंसा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
सत्यवचनम्truthful speech
सत्यवचनम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसत्यवचन
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
सर्वभूतानुकम्पनम्compassion toward all beings
सर्वभूतानुकम्पनम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसर्वभूतानुकम्पन
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
शमःtranquility/self-control (of mind)
शमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दानम्giving/charity
दानम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदान
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
यथाशक्तिaccording to one's ability
यथाशक्ति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा-शक्ति
गार्हस्थ्यःpertaining to the householder (gṛhastha)
गार्हस्थ्यः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootगार्हस्थ्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धर्मःdharma/duty
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उत्तमःbest/supreme
उत्तमः:
TypeAdjective
Rootउत्तम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

श्रीमहेश्वर उवाच

Ś
Śrī Maheśvara (Śiva)
D
Devī

Educational Q&A

The verse defines the supreme dharma of a householder as a fivefold ethical discipline: non-violence, truthfulness, compassion to all beings, self-restraint, and charity proportionate to one’s means.

In Anuśāsana Parva’s instructional setting, Śrī Maheśvara addresses Devī and enumerates the principal virtues that constitute ideal conduct for the gārhasthya (householder) stage of life.