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Shloka 23

Rudra-Śiva: Names, Two Natures, and the Logic of Epithets (रुद्रनाम-बहुरूपत्व-प्रकरणम्)

धर्म: किलक्षण: प्रोक्त: कथं वा चरितुं नरै: । शक्‍्यो धर्ममविन्दद्धिर्धर्मज्ञ वद मे प्रभो

nārada uvāca | dharmaḥ ki-lakṣaṇaḥ proktaḥ kathaṃ vā carituṃ naraiḥ | śakyo dharmam avindadbhir dharmajña vada me prabho prabho dharmajña ||

నారదుడు అన్నాడు—హే ప్రభూ, హే ధర్మజ్ఞా! ధర్మానికి ఏ లక్షణాలు చెప్పబడ్డాయి? ఇంకా ధర్మాన్ని పొందని/తెలియని మనుష్యులు ధర్మానుసారంగా ఎలా జీవించగలరు? ప్రభూ, నాకు చెప్పండి.

धर्मःdharma, righteousness
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
किलindeed, it is said
किल:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकिल
लक्षणःhaving (a) characteristic/mark; characterized
लक्षणः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootलक्षण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रोक्तःsaid, declared
प्रोक्तः:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-वच्
FormPast Passive Participle (क्त), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
कथम्how?
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्
वाor; indeed (emphatic)
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
चरितुम्to practice, to follow
चरितुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootचर्
FormInfinitive (तुमुन्)
नरैःby men
नरैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootनर
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
शक्यःpossible, feasible
शक्यः:
TypeAdjective
Rootशक्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धर्मम्dharma
धर्मम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अविन्दद्भिःby those not knowing / not finding (it)
अविन्दद्भिः:
Karana
TypeVerb
Rootअ-विद्
FormPresent active participle (शतृ), Masculine, Instrumental, Plural
धर्मज्ञO knower of dharma
धर्मज्ञ:
TypeNoun
Rootधर्मज्ञ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
वदtell, speak
वद:
TypeVerb
Rootवद्
FormImperative, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
मेto me
मे:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormDative, Singular
प्रभोO lord
प्रभो:
TypeNoun
Rootप्रभु
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

नारद उवाच

N
Nārada

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a foundational ethical problem: dharma must be defined by recognizable marks (lakṣaṇa), and guidance is needed on how ordinary people can practice it when they lack clear knowledge or direct realization of what dharma is.

Nārada, in the role of an inquirer, addresses a ‘knower of dharma’ and asks for a clear definition of dharma and practical instruction for those who have not yet discovered or understood it.