Shloka 1

Agastya-Māhātmya and Vasiṣṭha’s Protection of the Ādityas

Khalina Daityas; Sarayū Etiology

Devanagari script

औपनआक्रात बछ। सर: पजञ्चत्रिशर्दाधिकशततमोब् ध्याय: जिनका अन्न ग्रहण करने योग्य है और जिनका ग्रहण करने योग्य नहीं है

Transliteration

yudhiṣṭhira uvāca | bhojyā brāhmaṇasyeha ke bhojyāḥ kṣatriyasya ha | tathā vaiśyasya ke bhojyāḥ ke śūdrasya ca bhārata ||

Translation

యుధిష్ఠిరుడు అన్నాడు— ఓ భారతా! ఈ లోకంలో బ్రాహ్మణుడు ఎవరి చేతుల నుండి అన్నం స్వీకరించడం యుక్తం? క్షత్రియుడు ఎవరి నుండి? అలాగే వైశ్యుడు, శూద్రుడు ఎవరి వద్ద భోజనం చేయవచ్చు?

Word by Word

• युधिष्ठिरः: Yudhiṣṭhira
• युधिष्ठिरः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: युधिष्ठिर
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• उवाच: said
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच्
• Form: Perfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• भोज्याः: fit to be eaten / acceptable (as food-givers)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: भोज्य
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• ब्राह्मणस्य: of a Brahmin
• Type: Noun
• Root: ब्राह्मण
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• इह: here / in this world
• इह: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इह

• के: which (persons)?
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: किम्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• भोज्याः: fit to be eaten / acceptable (as food-givers)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: भोज्य
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• क्षत्रियस्य: of a Kshatriya
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्षत्रिय
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• ह: indeed / emphatic particle
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ह

• तथा: likewise
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा

• वैश्यस्य: of a Vaishya
• Type: Noun
• Root: वैश्य
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• के: which (persons)?
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: किम्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• भोज्याः: fit to be eaten / acceptable (as food-givers)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: भोज्य
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• के: which (persons)?
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: किम्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• शूद्रस्य: of a Shudra
• Type: Noun
• Root: शूद्र
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• भारत: O Bhārata (descendant of Bharata)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भारत
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

Speaker

युधिछिर उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Yudhiṣṭhira
• Bhārata
• Brāhmaṇa
• Kṣatriya
• Vaiśya
• Śūdra

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse frames an inquiry into dharma concerning food acceptance: which sources of food are considered permissible or impermissible for each varṇa, implying that ethical conduct, purity, and the character of the giver affect what may be accepted.

What is happening in the narrative?

Yudhiṣṭhira initiates a discussion by asking Bhīṣma (addressed here as ‘Bhārata’) to specify the proper households or persons from whom members of the four varṇas may take food, setting up a detailed ethical discourse in the chapter.